{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T00:52:45Z","timestamp":1793839965360,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study reports the first detection of <jats:italic>mcr-1.1<\/jats:italic>-mediated colistin resistance in <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Infantis from a commercial broiler farm in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Two <jats:italic>S. infantis<\/jats:italic> isolates (SAL_93 and SAL_94) were recovered from caecal droppings and characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Genomic analysis revealed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference between them, confirming their close epidemiological relationship. Both isolates belonged to multilocus sequence type 32 and exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), including resistance to colistin (MIC\u202f=\u202f4\u202fmg\/L) and ciprofloxacin (MIC\u202f=\u202f0.5\u202fmg\/L). Notably, the <jats:italic>mcr-1.1<\/jats:italic> gene was detected on a conjugative IncX4 plasmid. Additionally, the isolates harbored a large (275,043 bp) conjugative IncFIB plasmid carrying multiple AMR genes, including <jats:italic>aadA1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>tet(A)<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>qacEdelta1<\/jats:italic>. Bioinformatic analysis showed a high identity for globally reported <jats:italic>mcr-1.1<\/jats:italic>-carrying IncX4 plasmids. The investigation of virulence-associated factors in the studied isolates identified 162 potential virulence-related genes. These included genes linked to the type 3 secretion system, specifically those encoded by pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1). However, multiple genes linked to the second type 3 secretion system, encoded by SPI-2, were absent in all isolates. These findings suggest a potential risk of horizontal gene transfer in poultry production. Given these risks, the UAE\u2019s recent ban on colistin in veterinary medicine marks a crucial step in mitigating AMR transmission within a One Health framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1592955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T04:13:24Z","timestamp":1756181604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["First detection and genomic analysis of mcr-1-positive Salmonella Infantis isolated from a broiler production system in the United Arab Emirates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ihab","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glindya Bhagya","family":"Lakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan Mohamed","family":"Al Marzooqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan Sobhy","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Gamal","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Elbediwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-19-116","article-title":"Global emergence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in food chains and associated food safety implications: a review","volume":"82","author":"Barlaam","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9110650","article-title":"Colistin use in European livestock: veterinary field data on trends and perspectives for further reduction","volume":"9","author":"Jansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110828","article-title":"High prevalence and genomic features of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica isolated from chilled broiler chicken on retail sale in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"423","author":"Habib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01741","article-title":"Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Infantis of multilocus sequence type 2283 in German broiler farms","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00eda-Soto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110297","article-title":"A review of the global emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis","volume":"403","author":"Alvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109835","article-title":"First report from supermarket chicken meat and genomic characterization of colistin resistance mediated by mcr-1.1 in ESBL-producing, multidrug-resistant Salmonella Minnesota","volume":"379","author":"Habib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0021","article-title":"Genomics characterization of colistin resistant Escherichia coli from chicken meat\u2014the first report in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"21","author":"Habib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2008.02450.x","article-title":"Comparison of environmental sampling methods for detecting Salmonella in commercial laying flocks in the UK","volume":"47","author":"Carrique-Mas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.022","article-title":"Validation of EN ISO 6579-1 - 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