{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:20Z","timestamp":1779321620730,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence, outcomes, and contributing factors of post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment (MLE) in cats, with a focus on anatomical and surgical technique-related variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-seven client-owned cats undergoing maxillary canine tooth extraction between December 2022 and November 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study included cats undergoing maxillary canine tooth extraction performed by veterinary dental surgeons across three referral clinics. Specifically, we intended to explore the association between MLE and skull conformation, mandibular canine teeth crown height, distance between the crown tips of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth, extent of maxillary canine alveolectomy, and presence\/absence of caudal teeth on this clinical entity. Post-extraction MLE was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on clinical findings and treatment requirements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post-extraction MLE was observed in 26 cats (70.3%), with 23 of 26 cats (88.5%) being classified as having mild lesions, three (11.5%) with moderate lesions and none with severe lesions. Spontaneous improvement was noted in all mild cases. Only patients with moderate lesions required medical intervention. None of the evaluated factors had any statistically significant impact of the prevalence of MLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post-extraction MLE in cats is a frequent but predominantly mild and self-limiting complication. Conservative management typically suffices, and advanced imaging in future studies could enhance understanding of predisposing factors and surgical strategies, leading to improved patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T05:41:37Z","timestamp":1752126097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Marx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Gracis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luka","family":"\u0160para\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Nemec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118816219.ch11","article-title":"Oral surgery\u2014extractions","volume-title":"Wiggs\u2019s veterinary dentistry: Principles and practice","author":"Charlier","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.230","article-title":"Radiographic patterns of periodontitis in cats: 147 cases (1998\u20131999)","volume":"218","author":"Lommer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.08.004","article-title":"Prevalence of disorders recorded in cats attending primary-care veterinary practices in England","volume":"202","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640902600301","article-title":"Periodontal health status in a colony of 109 cats","volume":"26","author":"Girard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Dent"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11581","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X231158154","article-title":"Periodontal disease in cats under primary veterinary care in the UK: frequency and risk factors","volume":"25","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/0898756420953581","article-title":"Prevalence, radiographic, and demographic features of buccal bone expansion in cats: a cross-sectional study at a referral institution","volume":"37","author":"Peralta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Dent"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(96)80085-5","article-title":"The dental pathology of feral cats on Marion Island, part II: periodontitis, external odontoclastic resorption lesions and mandibular thickening","volume":"115","author":"Verstraete","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/089875649000700401","article-title":"The prevalence of buccal cervical root resorptions in Australian cats","volume":"7","author":"Coles","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Vet Dent"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02497.x","article-title":"Prevalence of odontoclastic resorptive lesions in a population of clinically healthy cats","volume":"42","author":"Ingham","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640402100102","article-title":"Mapping of the radiographic central point of feline dental resorptive lesions","volume":"21","author":"Harvey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Dent"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/089875641503200101","article-title":"Classification and epidemiology of traumatic dentoalveolar injuries in dogs and cats: 959 injuries in 660 patient visits (2004\u20132012)","volume":"32","author":"Soukup","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Dent"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14560098","article-title":"Tooth resorption in cats: pathophysiology and treatment options","volume":"17","author":"Gorrel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7675-6.00027-9","article-title":"Complications of extractions","volume-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","author":"Lommer","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.03.004","article-title":"Simple and surgical exodontia","volume":"35","author":"DeBowes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7675-6.00026-7","article-title":"Special considerations in feline exodontics","volume-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","author":"Lommer","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1177\/0898756417734313","article-title":"Feline dental implants: long-term follow-up of two cases","volume":"34","author":"Mele","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Dent"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-169383-0\/50009-4","article-title":"Exodontics","volume-title":"Veterinary dental techniques for the small animal practitioner","author":"Holmstrom","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.12.1680","article-title":"The case against the use of dental implants in dogs and cats","volume":"243","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7675-6.00022-X","article-title":"Principles of exodontics","volume-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","author":"Lommer","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619244","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.619244","article-title":"Cadaveric evaluation of injectate distribution for two maxillary nerve block techniques in cats","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6933","article-title":"2019 AAHA dental care guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"55","author":"Bellows","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161777","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161777","article-title":"Flat feline faces: is brachycephaly associated with respiratory abnormalities in the domestic cat (Felis catus)","volume":"11","author":"Farnworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7675-6.00010-3","article-title":"Oral soft tissue wound healing","volume-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","author":"Shety","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Orodental anatomy and physiology","volume-title":"BSAVA manual of canine and feline dentistry","author":"Gracis","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(92)50126-7","article-title":"Anatomy of the mouth and teeth of the cat","volume":"22","author":"Orsini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677680","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.677680","article-title":"A follow-up on simple (closed) extraction of fractured maxillary canine teeth in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"8","author":"Primo\u017ei\u010d","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815591079","article-title":"Histologic, clinical, and radiologic findings of alveolar bone expansion and osteomyelitis of the jaws in cats","volume":"52","author":"Bell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X231202322","article-title":"Malocclusion in cats associated with mandibular soft tissue trauma: a retrospective case\u2013control study","volume":"25","author":"Ziemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619248","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.619248","article-title":"Computed tomography analysis of the feline infraorbital foramen and canal","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620100\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T17:56:23Z","timestamp":1752170183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620100\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620100","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"article-number":"1620100"}}