{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:11:09Z","timestamp":1788984669071,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coenurosis, caused by the larval stage of <jats:italic>Taenia multiceps<\/jats:italic> \u2014 <jats:italic>Coenurus cerebralis<\/jats:italic>, is a severe parasitic disease that affects the central nervous system of sheep and causes significant economic losses in livestock farming. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of <jats:italic>Coenurus cerebralis<\/jats:italic> in sheep with neurological symptoms in Kazakhstan using conventional PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The study was conducted in the West Kazakhstan and Abay regions. However, insufficient data from other regions limits the development of effective national control measures. Of the 100 sheep examined, clinical signs of the disease were detected in 15 animals. During molecular analysis of the mitochondrial genes <jats:italic>COX1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NAD1<\/jats:italic>, positive results were obtained in 9 samples (81%). The data obtained confirm the high diagnostic value of PCR and the effectiveness of mitochondrial markers for identifying <jats:italic>C. cerebralis<\/jats:italic>. The results contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of cenurosis and can be used to develop effective strategies for the prevention and control of the disease in regions with developed sheep farming. Kazakhstani isolates are grouped within a single haplotype (Hap47), which belongs to a major, widely distributed lineage. This suggests potential links with other countries and may reflect historical migration patterns or species dispersal routes. Isolates from Italy, Turkey, and Iran also show a strong association with the principal haplotype lineages, indicating a shared genetic background.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T14:46:36Z","timestamp":1751381196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular prevalence of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep exhibiting neurological symptoms in Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aigerim","family":"Kozhayeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abzal","family":"Kereyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandr","family":"Shevtsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolat","family":"Abdigulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darkhan","family":"Smagulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saltanat","family":"Khamzina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Botagoz","family":"Kulzhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kulsara","family":"Nurzhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyaila","family":"Bupebayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aigerim","family":"Khamzina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2018-0005","article-title":"Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and parasitological studies on pathogenesis of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep","volume":"62","author":"Rahsan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.5455\/jasa.20160409121545","article-title":"Cerebral coenurosis in small ruminants: a review","volume":"6","author":"Abera","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Adv"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.677045","article-title":"Comparative transcriptome analyses of the developmental stages of Taenia multiceps","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.1420-1425","article-title":"First molecular confirmation of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors in Iraq","volume":"14","author":"Ajaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44376-0","article-title":"ADAMTS-13 and HMGB1-induced oxidative stress in Taenia multiceps-infected animals","volume":"13","author":"Dincel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9110559","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Annexin B2, B3 and B12 in Taenia multiceps","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3352-8","article-title":"Molecular characterisation and expression analysis of two heat-shock proteins in Taenia multiceps","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2024.186","article-title":"Molecular prevalence of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep with neurological symptoms in I\u011fd\u0131r Province, T\u00fcrkiye","author":"Akkus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.594599","article-title":"First report on molecular characterization of Taenia multiceps isolates from sheep and goats in Faisalabad, Pakistan","volume":"7","author":"Alvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018002","article-title":"Genetic characterization of three mitochondrial gene sequences of goat\/sheep-derived coenurus cerebralis and cysticercus tenuicollis isolates in Inner Mongolia, China","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2021-0131","article-title":"Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia multiceps coenurus cysts in slaughtered sheep in Saudi Arabia","volume":"16","author":"Al Malki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00056-9","article-title":"Prevalence of Taenia multiceps in sheep in northern Jordan","volume":"55","author":"Abo-Shehada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005125316275","article-title":"Coenurus cerebralis infection in Ethiopian highland sheep: incidence and observations on pathogenesis and clinical signs","volume":"31","author":"Achenef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2019.125660.1124","article-title":"Prevalence, morphological and biochemical study of larval stage Coenurus cerebralis of Taenia multiceps in sheep","volume":"34","author":"Mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iraqi J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7010034","article-title":"Taenia ovis in small ruminants in Iran: prevalence, pathology, and economic loss","volume":"7","author":"Hajipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12589","article-title":"Relationships among neuroscore, magnetic resonance imaging features, and intracranial pressure in sheep affected by slow-growing brain lesions","volume":"59","author":"Evangelisti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612016090","article-title":"Clinical, pathological and molecular evaluations and CT scan screening of coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) in sheep and calves","volume":"26","author":"Gazioglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e324","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000324","article-title":"Validity of a PCR assay in CSF for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis","volume":"4","author":"Carpio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4338","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05839-11","article-title":"Confirmation and follow-up of neurocysticercosis by real-time PCR in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients living in France","volume":"49","author":"Yera","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2017.10.070","article-title":"Clinical, pathological, and molecular data concerning Coenurus cerebralis in sheep in Egypt","volume":"16","author":"Amer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.10.021","article-title":"Comparison of cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis by genetic markers of glycolytic enzyme (enolase) and mitochondrial sequences in sheep and goats","volume":"214","author":"Amrabadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.11","article-title":"Study of the saiga helminth fauna and Ural sheep in the western region of Kazakhstan","volume":"13","author":"Kushaliyev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Vet J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022001123","article-title":"Global epidemiology and molecular biology of Taenia multiceps: a comparative meta-analysis and in silico analysis study","volume":"149","author":"Abbas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620425\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T14:46:37Z","timestamp":1751381197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620425\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620425","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"article-number":"1620425"}}