{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T05:10:04Z","timestamp":1780117804184,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus canis<\/jats:italic>, a multi-host pathogen commonly isolated from dogs and cats has been occasionally reported in severe cases of human infection. This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and pathogenicity of <jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic> isolates collected between 2004\u20132021, in Italy. Fifty-five <jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic> isolates from clinical cases in domestic animals were investigated for susceptibility to antibiotics and then characterized for sequence type (ST), virulence profile, and antimicrobial-resistant genes through whole genome sequencing (WGS). All isolates were susceptible to beta-lactams, while frequently exhibiting resistance to lincosamides, chlortetracyclines, and macrolides. Six out of 55 isolates of <jats:italic>S. canis,<\/jats:italic> all collected between 2020 and 2021, were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The most common AMR gene in the dataset was <jats:italic>lmrP<\/jats:italic> conferring resistance for streptogramin, tetracycline, macrolide, streptogramin A, and lincosamide. Other determinants of AMR were the <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic> genes. Twenty-one distinct STs were identified, with ST9 being the most prevalent in our collection. Regarding the virulence genes, forty-three isolates were positive for the <jats:italic>ssp-5<\/jats:italic> gene, which encodes an agglutinin receptor. Comparison with other 46 <jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic> genomes available in public repositories revealed that the Italian isolates clustered by the <jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic> M-like (SCM) protein gene and ST and did not group according to their host, area, or year of origin. In conclusion, our study underscores the susceptibility of Italian <jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic> isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics, which remain the first line of defense in managing infections. In Italy, ST9 represents the predominant clone of this pathogen. Despite the diversity in species of origin and the various STs identified, our findings confirm that <jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic> has not adapted to different ecological niches and corroborate the accidental pathogenic nature of human cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1645885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T16:17:52Z","timestamp":1755620272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic analysis of Streptococcus canis from different hosts in Italy 2004\u20132021: diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence profiles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Cucco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Albini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serenella","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Fiorucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Dettori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Petrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Peruzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvano","family":"Salaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Panicci\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pezzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca 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