{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:35:32Z","timestamp":1790134532762,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This comprehensive review examines the current epidemiological landscape, genetic resistance mechanisms, and control strategies for major sheep diseases in Kazakhstan. The study systematically analyzes three primary disease categories: parasitic infestations (including echinococcosis, fascioliasis, gastrointestinal strongylatosis, and protozoan infections), infectious diseases (foot rot, scrapie, Maedi-Visna, pasteurellosis, brucellosis), and hereditary disorders. Our analysis revealed significant regional variations in disease prevalence, with southern and western regions of Kazakhstan exhibiting higher parasitic burdens, particularly for echinococcosis and fascioliasis. Recent molecular studies have identified promising genetic markers associated with disease resistance, notably polymorphisms in the MHC complex (particularly <jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic> loci) conferring protection against parasitic infections and the <jats:italic>PRNP<\/jats:italic> gene variants influencing scrapie susceptibility. Current disease control approaches in Kazakhstan predominantly rely on chemical treatments and vaccination programs, while genetic selection for disease resistance remains underutilized despite its demonstrated efficacy in international breeding programs. The integration of marker-assisted selection and genomic approaches represents a promising strategy for enhancing disease resistance while maintaining productivity in Kazakhstani sheep breeds. This review highlights critical knowledge gaps, particularly regarding the molecular epidemiology of hereditary disorders as a markers of ecological plasticity and the genetic basis of resistance to infectious diseases in local breeds, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surveillance programs and targeted research to develop sustainable disease management strategies for Kazakhstan\u2019s sheep industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1647959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T04:13:11Z","timestamp":1756181591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epidemiological landscape and genetic prospects for marker-assisted selection in Kazakh sheep"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shynggys","family":"Orkara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aigerim","family":"Khamzina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurlan","family":"Sandybayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rano","family":"Sattarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainur","family":"Davletova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadyrzhan","family":"Khamzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kisun","family":"Pokharel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Primkul","family":"Ibragimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Burambayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darkhan","family":"Smagulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14237","article-title":"Mapping the risks of the spread of Peste des petits ruminants in the Republic of Kazakhstan","volume":"69","author":"Abdrakhmanov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7052175","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7052175","article-title":"Simulating the spread of Peste des Petits ruminants in Kazakhstan using the north American animal disease spread model","volume":"2023","author":"Yessenbayev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.33861\/2071-8020-2020-5-18-22","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of epizootic situation in sheep pox and goat pox","author":"Chernykh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Kubani"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.56339\/2305-9397-2022-3-1-115-122","article-title":"The spread of fascioliasis of sheep in the conditions of the West Kazakhstan region","volume":"1","author":"Abdrakhmanov","year":"2022","journal-title":"\u0120ylym \u017ea\u030bne b\u00ecl\u00ecm."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26577\/eb.2022.v91.i2.010","article-title":"On the distribution of echinococcosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan","volume":"91","author":"Yalysheva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0277118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277118","article-title":"One health evaluation of brucellosis control in Kazakhstan","volume":"17","author":"Charypkhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"National Reference Center for Veterinary Medicine\u201d of the Committee for Veterinary Control and Supervision, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 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