{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T05:30:00Z","timestamp":1765776600413,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe a novel two-stage surgical approach for managing complex craniomaxillofacial trauma in a military working dog, including the use of an individualized 3D-printed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plate for frontal bone reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3-year-old Belgian Malinois sustained severe head trauma during combat. Clinical examination revealed facial deformation, respiratory distress, and neurological signs. computerized tomography (CT) imaging confirmed multiple fractures, including the frontal and nasal bones, cribriform plate, and frontal sinus, with pneumocephalus. A two-stage approach was employed: (1) Initial stabilization, including a tracheostomy to address respiratory issues and manage intracranial pressure, along with surgical debridement and closure of the frontal sinus. (2) Reconstruction using an individualized 3D-PMMA plate using a customized 3D-printed mold to restore frontal bone integrity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>New or unique information provided<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report presents a novel approach to managing complex craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs, particularly those involving extensive frontal sinus and nasal bone fractures with intracranial complications. The use of an individualized 3D- PMMA plate for frontal bone reconstruction represents a significant advancement in veterinary CMF trauma management, offering a potential solution for achieving both functional and cosmetic outcomes in challenging cases. This case contributes to the limited existing literature on the management of severe frontal sinus fractures in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1647992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T05:25:22Z","timestamp":1765776322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel approach to a severe craniomaxillofacial trauma in a military working dog using a customized 3D-printed mold for printed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plate\u2013a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Babenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itay","family":"Srugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Peery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efrat","family":"Kelmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SIgal","family":"Klainbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00241","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part I: fracture location, morphology and etiology","volume":"7","author":"De Paolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00242","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part II: association between fracture location, morphology and etiology","volume":"7","author":"De Paolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15838","article-title":"Traumatic skull fractures in dogs and cats: a comparative analysis of neurological and computed tomographic features","volume":"34","author":"Amengual-Batle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Int Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932587","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.932587","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs\u2013etiology, treatments, and outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Wolfs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Volume 2","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2015"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2016.17.3.103","article-title":"Secondary reconstruction of frontal sinus fracture","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Craniofac Surg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13804","article-title":"Application of a bilateral temporal fascia free graft in a dog with multifragmented frontal sinus and nasal bone fracture","volume":"51","author":"Dunand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.67","article-title":"Cranioplasty by means of molded polymethylmethacrylate prosthetic reconstruction after radical excision of neoplasms of the skull in two dogs","volume":"223","author":"Bryant","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1506-0","article-title":"Treatment of calvarial defects by resorbable and non-resorbable sonic activated polymer pins and mouldable titanium mesh in two dogs: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Langer","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12161.x","article-title":"Internal fixation of severe maxillofacial fractures in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Arzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30905-6","article-title":"Management of frontal sinus fractures. 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