{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:18:47Z","timestamp":1781587127750,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperkalaemia is an uncommon complication of general anaesthesia in healthy horses. This case report describes the occurrence of life-threatening acute hyperkalaemia in a 13-year-old, female French Trotter anaesthetised for experimental right and left atrial 3D electro-anatomical mapping. Intra-operative development of hyperkalaemia (7.55\u202fmmol\/L) (Ref. 3.00\u20134.00\u202fmmol\/L) with atrial standstill on ECG necessitated transvenous ventricular pacing while initial treatment with insulin and glucose was initiated. Plasma potassium levels continued to increase (8.00\u202fmmol\/L) prompting adjunctive treatment with 5\u202f\u03bcg\/kg of inhaled salbutamol and intravenous furosemide 0.93\u202fmg\/kg. Eight minutes after salbutamol administration, return of spontaneous atrial contraction was observed on echocardiography and plasma potassium concentration rapidly decreased on serial blood samples. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first case report documenting the use of inhaled salbutamol in the treatment of life-threatening acute hyperkalaemia in an anaesthetised horse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1663681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T14:01:02Z","timestamp":1768572062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: Inhaled salbutamol in the successful treatment of life-threatening acute hyperkalaemia in an anaesthetised horse"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Madelyn","family":"Rollet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists , Hampshire","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Flyps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University","place":["Ghent, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Vernemmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Equine Cardioteam Ghent","place":["Ghent, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Equine Cardioteam Ghent","place":["Ghent, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn","family":"Schauvliege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University","place":["Ghent, 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