{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:30:14Z","timestamp":1771921814190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ovine toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that severely impacts the development of the sheep industry. The primary routes of\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in sheep are cyst infection and oocyst infection. However, current technologies are unable to distinguish between these two infection pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we initially screened eight proteins that are highly specifically expressed during the oocyst stage. Through Western blot (WB) analysis, we identified a protein (TGME49_267410) that could serve as a diagnostic antigen. Subsequently, we optimized the conditions for an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using TGME49_267410. Based on these optimized conditions, we collected 1,350 sheep serum samples from various prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province and compared the detection results using both GRA1-iELISA and\n                      <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      267410-iELISA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we successfully identified TGME49_267410 as a specific diagnostic antigen for\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      oocyst-derived infections and established a\n                      <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      267410-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (\n                      <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      267410-iELISA) for antibody detection. This method exhibited excellent specificity with no cross-reactivity against ovine\n                      <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections, along with a low limit of detection and good stability of enzyme-linked plates. Serological testing of sheep serum samples from Hubei Province revealed an overall oocyst infection positive rate of 47.4%, where the positive rate in commercial fattening farms (39.9%) was significantly higher than that in breeding sheep farms (12.2%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To summarize, the\n                      <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      267410-iELISA established herein enables specific, sensitive, and stable detection of ovine\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      oocyst-derived infections. This method facilitates the differentiation of infection routes and epidemiological surveillance of ovine toxoplasmosis in Hubei Province and beyond, providing a robust scientific foundation for optimizing targeted prevention and control strategies in sheep farms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1674011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:40:34Z","timestamp":1768484434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishment of an ELISA for detecting oocyst-derived Toxoplasma gondii infections in sheep"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xinran","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, 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of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, 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