{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:08:22Z","timestamp":1790186902046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Citrus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bioflavonoids (CB) are well recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and digestion-promoting properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary CB supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility, lactation performance, blood biochemical\/immunological parameters, and the ruminal microbial community of dairy buffaloes during hot weather. A 35-day trial was conducted using 20 Mediterranean dairy buffaloes, which were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (CON) fed a basal diet, and a CB-supplemented group (CB) fed the basal diet plus 20\u202fg\/d of CB. The results showed that compared with the CON group, CB supplementation significantly reduced (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt;\u202f0.05) the respiratory rate, and increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>&amp;lt;<\/jats:bold>\n                    0.05) the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber in buffaloes. Regarding lactation performance, CB supplementation significantly elevated (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>&amp;lt;<\/jats:bold>\n                    0.05\n                    <jats:bold>)<\/jats:bold>\n                    milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk, and the percentage of milk protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat; it also increased the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in milk while decreasing (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt;\u202f0.05) the concentration of saturated fatty acids. For blood parameters, the CB group exhibited significantly higher (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) blood catalase activity, immunoglobulin M concentration, and heat shock protein 70 concentration, as well as significantly lower (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, and IL-6. In terms of ruminal function, CB supplementation significantly increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) ruminal microbial crude protein concentration. There was a tendency toward higher (0.05\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.10) microbial\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -diversity indices (Chao 1, Ace, and Shannon) in the CB group, accompanied by the enrichment of several bacterial genera within the family\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other saccharolyti\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    taxa, and the suppression of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Segatella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 20\u202fg\/d CB enhances the lactation performance of heat-stressed dairy buffaloes by improving the ruminal microenvironment and host health status.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1707093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T06:23:04Z","timestamp":1762150984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dietary supplementation of Citrus bioflavonoids improves lactation performance in buffaloes during hot weather by regulating antioxidant capacity, immune function, and rumen microbes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73803-X","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on production in dairy cattle","volume":"86","author":"West","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8645","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12651","article-title":"Invited review: effects of heat stress on dairy cattle welfare","volume":"100","author":"Polsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2009.08.001","article-title":"Buffalo\u2019s biological functions as affected by heat stress - 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