{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:32:19Z","timestamp":1789749139252,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nipah virus (NiV) is recognised as a priority pathogen with pandemic potential by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The NiV-Bangladesh strain (NiV-B) has been associated with recent outbreaks in different districts of Bangladesh and the state of Kerala (India), and it is suggested to be more pathogenic and lethal than the NiV-Malaysian strain (NiV-M). In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical signs and pathology of NiV-B using the golden Syrian hamster model following intranasal (IN) and intraperitoneal (IP) inoculation with different doses and to compare with prior NiV-M results. For this purpose, we selected samples from NiV-B-infected animals that were submitted for H&amp;amp;E evaluation, immunohistochemistry (IHC),\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridisation (ISH) (RNAscope technique), and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF). The absence of neurological signs was observed in NiV-B-infected animals compared with those that were NiV-M-infected. Except for the brain, which did show only mild lesions, histopathological analysis of NiV-B demonstrated similar pathology and viral RNA in the lung, spleen, and liver compared to those of NiV-M infected animals, with the lung being the main affected organ. Pulmonary lesions consisted of areas of broncho-interstitial pneumonia associated with high cell death activation (caspase-3), proliferation (Ki67), and abundant intralesional macrophages (Iba1) and T cells (CD3). Differential upregulation of the cytokine IL-6 was observed in the lung from NiV-B compared with NiV-M infected animals. Moreover, we demonstrated the wide distribution of the NiV receptor ephrin B2 in endothelial cells, neurons, smooth muscle, epithelial cells, macrophages\/type II pneumocytes, and T cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1708412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T14:47:08Z","timestamp":1768834028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of lesions in the golden Syrian hamster model of Nipah virus infection (Bangladesh strain)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Swan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Salguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Kennard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Findlay-Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kempster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Almond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Dowall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Ruedas-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)","place":["Salisbury, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020179","article-title":"Nipah virus: a multidimensional update","volume":"16","author":"Faus-Cotino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061162","article-title":"The immunobiology of Nipah virus","volume":"10","author":"Liew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2019.1580827","article-title":"Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, 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