{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:48:39Z","timestamp":1792212519711,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                    LK01 on production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory factors, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, and cecal microbiota in laying hens, while determining the optimal supplementation level. A total of 288 healthy 20-week-old Jinghong No. 1 laying hens, with uniform body weight and similar egg production rates, were stratified-randomly assigned to four groups (4 replicates\/group, 18 hens\/replicate): the control group (CON; basal diet) and the low-level (LLP), medium-level (MLP), and high-level (HLP) groups, which received the basal diet supplemented with 10\u2076, 10\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and 10\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u202fCFU\/kg of\n                    <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                    LK01, respectively. The trial included a 1-week adaptation period followed by an 8-week experimental period. Results indicated: (1)\n                    <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                    LK01 supplementation increased average egg weight and significantly enhanced egg production rates in the MLP and HLP groups compared to the CON group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05); (2) The HLP group exhibited increased albumen height and Haugh units, while the LLP group showed improved eggshell strength (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05); (3) Total protein (TP) levels were elevated in all supplemented groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), with albumin (ALB) levels increased in the LLP and MLP groups, and total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05); (4) Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was enhanced in all supplemented groups, and serum IL-6 and TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels were reduced in the HLP group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05); (5) No significant differences were observed in intestinal digestive enzyme activities (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) between groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05); At the phylum level, the abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Spirochaetota<\/jats:italic>\n                    was decreased in all supplemented groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), with\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    remaining the dominant phyla. At the genus level, the abundances of\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Treponema<\/jats:italic>\n                    were reduced in all supplemented groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). In conclusion, dietary\n                    <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                    LK01 improved laying hen performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and reduced pro-inflammatory factors while suppressing harmful gut microbiota. The 10\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u202fCFU\/kg dose appeared optimal based on results; However, as this was the highest concentration tested, further research is needed to confirm the precise optimal level.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1713771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:59:28Z","timestamp":1767769168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei LK01 on production performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal health of laying hens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tianjun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runsheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010103","article-title":"Composition and function of chicken gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Rychlik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document. 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