{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:48:10Z","timestamp":1790876890450,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has recently emerged as a promising supplement for\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      maturation (IVM), enhancing pig blastocyst development and reducing apoptosis following\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization (IVF). This study assessed whether IL-6 supplementation during IVM is associated with differences in gene expression in day-7\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      -produced blastocysts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oocytes from prepubertal gilts were matured in IVM medium with (IL-6 IVM group) or without (control group) 100\u202fng\/mL IL-6 and subsequently subjected to IVF. The resulting presumptive zygotes were cultured\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      for 7\u202fdays. Six pools of seven viable blastocysts per group were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at \u221280\u202f\u00b0C until microarray analysis. The embryos were analyzed using the GeneChip\u00ae Porcine Genome Array (Affymetrix). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by ANOVA using a significance threshold of\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01 and a fold change &amp;gt; |1.5|.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the control, the IL-6 IVM group showed 91 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated DEGs. KEGG analysis of up-regulated genes revealed enrichment in 13 pathways including genes involved in key processes related to lipid metabolism, embryo development, cell proliferation, and immune system. Only two pathways were enriched among down-regulated genes, comprising genes not previously associated with essential roles in embryonic development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Blastocysts derived from oocytes matured\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      with 100\u202fng\/mL of IL-6 exhibited differences in activity in several immune-related and lipid metabolism pathways through the overexpression of specific genes associated with cell proliferation, embryo development, and apoptosis reduction. These findings provide insights consistent with a role of IL-6 during porcine IVM and its association with oocyte developmental competence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1716588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T05:31:19Z","timestamp":1767591079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exposure of in vitro maturing pig oocytes to exogenous interleukin-6 is associated with transcriptomic differences in the resulting blastocysts, with enrichment of developmental signaling pathways"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Garcia-Canovas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d University of Murcia","place":["Murcia, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla)","place":["Murcia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Lopez-Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d University of Murcia","place":["Murcia, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla)","place":["Murcia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Parrilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d University of Murcia","place":["Murcia, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla)","place":["Murcia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gonzalez-Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d University of Murcia","place":["Murcia, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla)","place":["Murcia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heriberto","family":"Rodriguez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH\/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University","place":["Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d University of Murcia","place":["Murcia, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla)","place":["Murcia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cuello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d University of Murcia","place":["Murcia, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla)","place":["Murcia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio A.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d University of Murcia","place":["Murcia, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla)","place":["Murcia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.2008-1532","article-title":"Interleukin-6: an autocrine regulator of the mouse cumulus cell-oocyte complex expansion process","volume":"150","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1159\/000484885","article-title":"IL-6 promotes FSH-induced VEGF expression through JAK\/STAT3 signaling pathway in bovine granulosa cells","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2024.107600","article-title":"Swine in vitro embryo production: potential, challenges, and advances","volume":"270","author":"Garcia-Canovas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117483","DOI":"10.1016\/J.THERIOGENOLOGY.2025.117483","article-title":"Interleukin-6 supplementation during in vitro maturation improves developmental competence of in vitro fertilized porcine oocytes","volume":"244","author":"Garcia-Canovas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13221","article-title":"Identification of potential embryokines in the bovine reproductive tract","volume":"101","author":"Tr\u00edbulo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112028","article-title":"Blastocyst-bearing sows display a dominant anti-inflammatory cytokine profile compared to cyclic sows at day 6 of the cycle","volume":"10","author":"Parrilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.11.009","article-title":"The cytokine platelet factor 4 successfully replaces bovine serum albumin for the in vitro culture of porcine embryos","volume":"148","author":"Cambra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10989-5","article-title":"The overlaying oil type influences in vitro embryo production: differences in composition and compound transfer into incubation medium between oils","volume":"7","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.04.001","article-title":"High pre-freezing sperm dilution improves monospermy without affecting the penetration rate in porcine IVF","volume":"131","author":"Martinez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031222","article-title":"Effects of Vitrification on the blastocyst gene expression profile in a porcine model","volume":"22","author":"Cuello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1071\/RD14393","article-title":"Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in porcine embryos","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D638","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","article-title":"The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest","volume":"51","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20030407","article-title":"Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation","volume":"374","author":"Heinrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa045","article-title":"Fatty acid induced lipolysis influences embryo development, gene expression and lipid droplet formation in the porcine cumulus cells\u2020","volume":"103","author":"Pawlak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.03.025","article-title":"Lipidome signatures in early bovine embryo development","volume":"86","author":"Sudano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0015","article-title":"Fatty acid metabolism during maturation affects glucose uptake and is essential to oocyte competence","volume":"148","author":"Paczkowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.084145","article-title":"Beta-oxidation is essential for mouse oocyte developmental competence and early embryo Development1","volume":"83","author":"Dunning","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.12.027","article-title":"Sphingolipids in embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stemness \u2013 implications for polyploidy in tumors","volume":"81","author":"Voelkel-Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2005.08.006","article-title":"Serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (SPT) deficiency and sphingolipid levels in mice","volume":"1737","author":"Hojjati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Biol Lipids"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.09.036","article-title":"De novo synthesis of sphingolipids is essential for decidualization in mice","volume":"106","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13907","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13907","article-title":"Evolutionary analysis of the mammalian IL-17 cytokine family suggests conserved roles in female fertility","volume":"92","author":"Giangrazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.116996","article-title":"Gene activation-associated long noncoding RNAs function in mouse preimplantation development","volume":"142","author":"Hamazaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113062","article-title":"Interleukin 17D enhances the developmental competence of cloned pig embryos by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting embryonic genome activation","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00366.x","article-title":"The effect of Interleukin-17 on the proliferation and invasion of JEG-3 human Choriocarcinoma cells","volume":"55","author":"Pongcharoen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.03.008","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and their role in animal reproduction","volume":"125","author":"Kannaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01002-x","article-title":"In-depth proteome characterization of endometrium and extraembryonic membranes during implantation in pig","volume":"15","author":"Gil","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.08.025","article-title":"Functions of the MAPK family in vertebrate-development","volume":"580","author":"Krens","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01729","article-title":"Requirement of the MAP kinase signaling pathways for mouse preimplantation development","volume":"132","author":"Maekawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2037","article-title":"P38alpha MAP kinase is essential in lung stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"39","author":"Ventura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.5.859","article-title":"Deficiency of the stress kinase p38alpha results in embryonic lethality: characterization of the kinase dependence of stress responses of enzyme-deficient embryonic stem cells","volume":"191","author":"Allen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(05)00014-6","article-title":"Essential role of p38alpha MAP kinase in placental but not embryonic cardiovascular development","volume":"6","author":"Adams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20040146","article-title":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) first regulates filamentous actin at the 8-16-cell stage during preimplantation development","volume":"97","author":"Paliga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Cell"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171738","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171738","article-title":"p38\u03b1 regulates actin cytoskeleton and cytokinesis in hepatocytes during development and aging","volume":"12","author":"Tormos","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1120-1","article-title":"Circular RNA MAPK4 (circ-MAPK4) inhibits cell apoptosis via MAPK signaling pathway by sponging miR-125a-3p in gliomas","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01147-10","article-title":"Targeted inactivation of Mapk4 in mice reveals specific nonredundant functions of Erk3\/Erk4 subfamily mitogen-activated protein kinases","volume":"30","author":"Rousseau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.08.008","article-title":"Hippo signaling in embryogenesis and development","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073912","article-title":"Effects of regulating hippo and Wnt on the development and fate differentiation of bovine embryo","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22447","article-title":"Lysophosphatidic acid improves porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.21.12370","article-title":"Delayed embryonic lethality in mice lacking protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit Calpha","volume":"95","author":"G\u00f6tz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5025","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.523746","article-title":"The FOS transcription factor family differentially controls trophoblast migration and invasion *","volume":"289","author":"Renaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.105.3.651","article-title":"Expression of the proto-oncogene fos (c-fos) by preimplantation blastocysts of the pig","volume":"105","author":"Whyte","year":"1989","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13498","article-title":"Interleukin-6 regulates expression of Fos and Jun genes to affect the development of mouse preimplantation embryos","volume":"44","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.13294\/j.aps.2023.0010","article-title":"IL-6 promotes pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells and regulates cardiac differentiation in a development-dependent manner","volume":"75","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21312","article-title":"Activation of cumulus cell SMAD2\/3 and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways are involved in porcine oocyte-cumulus cell expansion and steroidogenesis","volume":"78","author":"Nagyova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12595","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12595","article-title":"Postgastrulation Smad2-deficient embryos show defects in embryo turning and anterior morphogenesis","volume":"96","author":"Heyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103662","article-title":"Seminal plasma induces overexpression of genes associated with embryo development and implantation in Day-6 porcine blastocysts","volume":"21","author":"Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.20467","article-title":"Delayed embryonic development and impaired cell growth and survival in Actg1 null mice","volume":"67","author":"Bunnell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900221106","article-title":"Gamma-actin is required for cytoskeletal maintenance but not development","volume":"106","author":"Belyantseva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.13.3333","article-title":"Requirement for C3G-dependent Rap1 activation for cell adhesion and embryogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Ohba","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.06.015","article-title":"C3G (RapGEF1), a regulator of actin dynamics promotes survival and myogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal cells","volume":"1853","author":"Sasi Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.73192","article-title":"C3G down-regulation enhances pro-migratory and stemness properties of oval cells by promoting an epithelial-mesenchymal-like process","volume":"18","author":"Palao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1802076","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1716588\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:43:05Z","timestamp":1771947785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1716588\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2025.1716588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1716588","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"article-number":"1716588"}}