{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T16:08:07Z","timestamp":1769702887332,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker widely prescribed for hypertension, has been implicated in oxidative stress\u2013mediated reproductive toxicity. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of vitamin C and garlic (\n                      <jats:italic>Allium sativum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) on nifedipine-induced reproductive dysfunction in a male albino rat model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-five adult male rats were randomized into control and treatment groups, receiving nifedipine (0.571 mg\/kg) alone or in combination with vitamin C (200 mg\/kg) and\/or garlic extract (200 mg\/kg) for 40 days. Reproductive parameters and histopathological changes in the testes and epididymis were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nifedipine administration significantly reduced sperm parameters compared to control-sperm motility (38.9 \u00b1 2.53 vs. 83.25 \u00b1 1.65 in controls,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05), viability (88.03 \u00b1 1.87 vs. 94.00 \u00b1 0.98), and normal morphology (80.75 \u00b1 0.85 vs. 89.5 \u00b1 0.65), while co-administration of vitamin C and vitamin C + garlic combination slightly mitigated these effects, improving sperm motility to 41.25 \u00b1 6.95 and 45.00 \u00b1 7.5, respectively. The combined treatment produced the most profound improvement, restoring sperm motility (6.1 % increase), viability (3.15 % increase, close to control values), and normal sperm (4% ameliorative effect,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed substantial preservation of testicular and epididymal integrity in the vitamin C and less in the combination (vitamin C + garlic) and garlic treatment groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nifedipine caused significant impairments in sperm quality and histological integrity. Vitamin C and garlic combination produced a statistically significant improvement in normal sperm morphology, with other parameters showing non-significant numerical increases. Further research with larger sample sizes and biochemical analyses is needed to clarify the extent of antioxidant influence on nifedipine-induced reproductive alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1725725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T05:23:23Z","timestamp":1769664203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ameliorative effects of vitamin C and garlic (Allium sativum) on nifedipine-induced reproductive dysfunction in a male albino rat model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ugochinyere J.","family":"Njoga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria","place":["Nsukka, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth O.","family":"Anya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria","place":["Nsukka, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel O.","family":"Ekere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria","place":["Nsukka, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faith. 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