{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:57:40Z","timestamp":1792425460114,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Johne\u2019s disease, caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MAP), continues to pose a major global challenge for the livestock industry due to its long subclinical phase and the limitations of current diagnostics. Commercial antibody-based ELISA tests often fail to detect early-stage infections, while interferon (IFN)-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    assays, though considered more sensitive at early stages, are costly and logistically complex. We present a novel multiplex ELISA that incorporates multiple MAP antigens for the detection of MAP-specific IgG antibodies in bovine serum and milk. Using well-characterized positive and negative cohorts, the assay demonstrated strong concordance with IFN-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    responses and outperformed commercial monoplex ELISA kits (IDEXX and IDVET). Our findings support its potential as a practical, high-throughput alternative for early detection of MAP-specific antibodies and for herd-level disease management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1749510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T16:25:07Z","timestamp":1768926307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiplex biomarker-based ELISA enables early detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-specific antibodies comparable to IFN-\u03b3 testing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shih-Jiuan","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pictor Limited","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyush","family":"Bugde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pictor Limited","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pictor Limited","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Bannantine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center","place":["Ames, IA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Liggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Research Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre","place":["Mosgiel, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkata Sayoji Rao","family":"Dukkipati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shreiber School of Veterinary Medicine, Rowan University","place":["Glassboro, NJ, United States"]},{"name":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University","place":["Palmerston North, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pictor Limited","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19381","article-title":"Economic losses due to Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) in dairy cattle","volume":"104","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12605","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26872","article-title":"Early-life shedding and environmental presence of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in Chilean dairy calves","volume":"108","author":"Hernandez-Agudelo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dairy 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Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1749510\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:38:49Z","timestamp":1771918729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1749510\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2025.1749510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1749510","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"article-number":"1749510"}}