{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:29:35Z","timestamp":1787563775824,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) damage is a crucial event in pathogen-induced intestinal inflammation and systemic pathological responses, and their functional integrity directly affects animal health. This study used bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs-21) and mouse models to examine the protective effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) against\n                    <jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>NC<\/jats:italic>\n                    )-induced IEC damage and investigate its underlying mechanisms.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , BIECs-21 were infected with\n                    <jats:italic>NC<\/jats:italic>\n                    to establish an intestinal epithelial injury model.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments revealed that GCP pretreatment effectively inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>NC<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection-induced decreases in cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, preserving intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Transcriptomic analysis results showed that\n                    <jats:italic>NC<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection activated the interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways, increasing the expression of chemokines (CXCL1\/2\/3) and inflammatory genes (FOSB). In contrast, GCP inhibited the expression of transcription factors CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein \u03b2 (C\/EBP\u03b2) and FOS, reduced pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-6, IL1RAP), and mitigated excessive inflammatory responses.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments confirmed that low-dose GCP intervention significantly reduced intestinal hemorrhage and edema, decreased parasite loads in intestinal and cerebral tissues of infected mice, and suppressed protein expression of IL-17RA, TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , p-C\/EBP\u03b2 and p-NF-\u03baB in intestinal tissues. These findings demonstrate that GCP mitigates\n                    <jats:italic>NC<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced IEC injury by modulating intestinal immune homeostasis through the C\/EBP\u03b2\/IL-17\/TNF signaling pathway, thus establishing a theoretical basis for developing natural therapeutics against pathogen-induced gut damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1753653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T13:10:25Z","timestamp":1769433025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide attenuates Neospora caninum-induced intestinal epithelial cell damage by the C\/EBP\u03b2\/IL-17\/TNF signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006006","article-title":"Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence of the pig intestine","volume":"37","author":"Oswald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet 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