{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:24:18Z","timestamp":1784071458327,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The phenomena of spinal shock, crossed extensor reflex, and mass reflex are discussed to different extents in veterinary neurology textbooks, in literature on experimental animal models, and clinical reports on veterinary neurological patients. Aspects related to timing of onset of spinal pathology, their implications for neuroanatomical localizations, and their prognostic significance are clinically relevant. In this review article, the authors discuss and summarize the current literature and highlight collective observations in clinical veterinary neurology patients. Underreported observations emphasized in this article include the possibility of (1) asymmetrical\/lateralized\/unilateral spinal shock, (2) crossed extensor and mass reflexes in patients with (per-) acute myelopathies, (3) asymmetrical\/lateralized\/unilateral crossed extensor reflex, (4) mass reflexes observed in patients with (per-)acute myelopathies and concurrently with signs of spinal shock, and (5) a pelvic limb crossed extensor reflex in patients with pathology other than cranial to the lumbar intumescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1703941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T05:22:55Z","timestamp":1770614575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Review: spinal shock, crossed extensor reflex, and mass reflex in dogs and cats\u2014a literature review, clinical observations and considerations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Koen M.","family":"Santifort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology","place":["Arnhem, Netherlands"]},{"name":"IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant","place":["Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dakir","family":"Polidoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Veterinary Practice Plantijn","place":["Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium"]},{"name":"AniCura Vetimacs Medical Imaging","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nesto Veterinary Referral Center Orion","place":["Neurology, Herentals, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Olszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fachtierarztzentrum Cologne Merheim","place":["Cologne, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Kaczmarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic","place":["Pistoia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Bongers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic","place":["Pistoia, Italy"]},{"name":"IVC Evidensia Moorview Referrals","place":["Cramlington, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Chapter 1","author":"Garosi","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2018.14.2.47","article-title":"Revisit spinal shock: pattern of reflex evolution during spinal shock","volume":"14","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00998273","article-title":"Glycine: an important potential component of spinal shock","volume":"18","author":"Simpson RK","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurochem Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.1996.11719437","article-title":"The role of glycine in spinal shock","volume":"19","author":"Simpson RK","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(79)90008-X","article-title":"Release of function in the spinal cord","volume":"12","author":"Barnes","year":"1979","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.04.028","article-title":"Tendon reflexes for predicting movement recovery after acute spinal cord injury in humans","volume":"115","author":"Calancie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)91041-0","article-title":"Motoneuron membrane changes associated with spinal shock and the Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon","volume":"201","author":"Schadt","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1963.00460080037004","article-title":"Fusimotor function. 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