{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:32:12Z","timestamp":1772119932741,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of equine lameness, yet pragmatic evidence for nutraceuticals in horses remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively evaluated 12\u202fweeks of daily natural eggshell membrane (NEM; 12\u202fmg\/kg, orally) supplementation in Warmblood horses with chronic lameness using a single-arm before\u2013after design. Ten horses were enrolled and prespecified paired contrasts compared visit 3 (V3, week 12) with baseline (V1). Outcomes included rider-reported under-saddle function (walk and trot), examiner-graded lameness (rest and walk\u2013trot composite), simple joint-angle kinematics (degrees), and owner-rated palatability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rider-reported function improved by approximately half a grade at both walk and trot, and owner-rated palatability improved markedly. Examiner walk-trot scores showed a small trend toward improvement, while rest lameness remained unchanged. Statistical inference supported these patterns, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) excluding zero for rider scores (\u0394\u202f=\u202f\u22120.50) and palatability (\u0394\u202f=\u202f\u22121.50). Moderate changes were observed in right-fore joint angle (\u0394\u202f=\u202f+3.06\u00b0) and examiner composite grades (\u0394\u202f=\u202f\u22120.11). These effects were supported by small-sample inference (permutation tests, bootstrap CIs) and complementary Bayesian estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NEM showed potential short-term improvements in owner-reported function and examiner-graded gait, but larger controlled studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1711135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:50:01Z","timestamp":1772117401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural eggshell membrane supplementation for chronic lameness in warmblood horses: a 12-week prospective before\u2013after study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Young-Sam","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University","place":["Daegu, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyohoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University","place":["Jeju-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongkyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Trial Management, Affiliated Research Institute, Ari B&C Co., Ltd.","place":["Yongin-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jina","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACE Equestrian Team, Cheongdeok High School","place":["Yongin-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungmin","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACE Equestrian Team, Vivian & Stanley Gangnam International Scholars","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Keun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Research Institute, Seongdong Bio Co., Ltd.","place":["Goyang-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byungkwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University","place":["Iksan-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfac026","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: a common disease that should be avoided in the athletic horse's life","volume":"12","author":"Baccarin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Front"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125695","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1125695","article-title":"Systematic review and Meta-analysis of positive long-term effects after intra-articular Administration of Orthobiologic Therapeutics in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Mayet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113247","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113247","article-title":"Role of innate immunity in initiation and progression of osteoarthritis, with emphasis on horses","volume":"11","author":"Estrada McDermott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2018.04.013","article-title":"Lameness evaluation of the athletic horse","volume":"34","author":"Davidson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13545","article-title":"Visual lameness assessment in comparison to quantitative gait analysis data in horses","volume":"54","author":"Hardeman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.2.127","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of the width of the femorotibial joint space in horses","volume":"77","author":"Trencart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2147\/cia.s5797","article-title":"Eggshell membrane: a possible new natural therapeutic for joint and connective tissue disorders. 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