{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:12:50Z","timestamp":1789996370408,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Advancing\n                      <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      embryo production in goats requires identification of optimal oocyte sources and retrieval methods. While abattoir-derived ovaries provide abundant material for routine research, laparoscopic ovum pick-up from hormonally synchronized goats yields physiologically staged oocytes that may better support embryo development and advanced reproductive applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared the developmental competence and gene expression in bakerwal goat oocytes obtained via LOPU and from abattoir-sourced ovaries. A total of 528 cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from 12 live donors across three LOPU sessions, while 1,517 COCs were retrieved from 338 abattoir ovaries. All oocytes underwent\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      maturation, fertilization, and culture under similar conditions. Developmental competence was evaluated by cleavage, morula, blastocyst formation, and blastocyst morphology. Expression of competence-associated genes (\n                      <jats:italic>ZAR1, MFN2, BAX,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was quantified at immature oocyte, mature oocyte, and early blastocyst stages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LOPU-derived oocytes demonstrated significantly higher developmental performance, including cleavage (54.9% vs. 45.2%), morula (45.9% vs. 34.9%), and blastocyst rates (29.5% vs. 19.0%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Nuclear maturation did not differ significantly between groups (81.1% vs. 76.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed enrichment of ZAR1 at GV and MII stages (up to 5.79-fold), progressive upregulation of MFN2 at the blastocyst stage (5.98-fold), downregulation of pro-apoptotic BAX (0.26\u20130.57 fold), and upregulation of pro-survival BCL2 (up to 1.85-fold) in LOPU-derived samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In goats, oocytes retrieved via LOPU show superior developmental competence and more favorable molecular signatures than those obtained from abattoir-derived ovaries. LOPU-derived oocytes provide a more reliable option for achieving higher -quality embryos and may be more suitable for application in advanced reproductive biotechnologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1737059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:22:47Z","timestamp":1771478567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative developmental competence and gene expression in laparoscopically retrieved- and abattoir-derived goat oocytes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abrar A.","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryo Biotech Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Reproductive Biotechnology, Mountain Livestock Research Institute, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Manasbal, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riaz A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryo Biotech Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Hilal","family":"Yaqoob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryo Biotech Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Abrar","family":"Gayas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Govt of UT of Jammu and Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Handoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryo Biotech Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhail N.","family":"Magray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryo Biotech Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mujeeb R.","family":"Fazili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneer A.","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryo Biotech Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafis I.","family":"Assad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Govt of UT of Jammu and Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryo Biotech Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed M.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Reproductive Biotechnology, Mountain Livestock Research Institute, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Manasbal, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadeem","family":"Shabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed M.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Laboratory, Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir","place":["Srinagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010216","article-title":"Laparoscopic ovum pick-up followed by in vitro embryo production and transfer in assisted breeding programs for ruminants","author":"Baldassarre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20230055","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-AR2023-0055","article-title":"In vitro embryo production in small ruminants: what is still missing?","volume":"20","author":"Souza-Fabjan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim 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