{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:14:24Z","timestamp":1789773264377,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) is a fatal zoonotic disease of humans and nonhuman primates caused by the Marburg virus (MARV) of the\n                      <jats:italic>Filoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      family, and presenting as hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate. Egyptian fruit bats,\n                      <jats:italic>Rousettus aegyptiacus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , are the principal natural reservoir, with evidence linking them to most human outbreaks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review evaluated the prevalence of MARV in bats, domestic animals, and rodents, as well as the duration of antibodies and potential routes of viral shedding. A comprehensive search of six (6) scientific databases identified 30 studies meeting the inclusion criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In bats, seroprevalence ranged from less than 1% to about 54% while MARV genes were detected in 0.8\u20133% of samples. MARV antibodies persisted for up to 11months in naturally infected bats, while induced or maternal antibodies declined within 5 months. Apart from\n                      <jats:italic>Rousettus aegyptiacus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , occasional seropositivity was detected in other bat species such as\n                      <jats:italic>Epomops franqueti<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Micropteropus pusillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Hypsignathus monstrosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Eidolon helvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , whereas MARV particles were observed in\n                      <jats:italic>Rousettus aegyptiacus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Hipposideros<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. Even though viral genes were undetected in domestic animals, non-human primates (NPH) and rodents, antibodies were reported in dogs and livestock, and NPH in Ghana and Gabon and Zambia, respectively, indicating a higher probability of non-lethal MARV exposure in these species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings confirm\n                      <jats:italic>Rousettus aegyptiacus<\/jats:italic>\n                      as the primary reservoir but suggest that other bats and domestic animals may contribute to the natural maintenance of MARV. Expanded multispecies surveillance in high-risk regions is essential to clarify reservoirs, host distribution, and transmission dynamics. Understanding these patterns is critical for designing targeted interventions to reduce spillover risk to humans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1756506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T05:34:07Z","timestamp":1770183247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Systematic review on Marburg virus prevalence and persistence in animals"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Theophilus","family":"Odoom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German-West Africa Center for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"]},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"]},{"name":"Accra Veterinary Laboratory","place":["Accra, Ghana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"El-Duah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German-West Africa Center for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"]},{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9 - 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