{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:27:15Z","timestamp":1770812835957,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Electrochemotherapy is a local anticancer treatment used for selected cutaneous tumors, but its application in veterinary medicine for nasal neoplasms is only rarely reported. Two dogs with endonasal tumors, ineligible for radiotherapy, underwent endoscopic-guided electrochemotherapy (ECT). Each cycle included three sessions spaced 3 weeks apart. Under general anesthesia and endoscopic guidance, bleomycin (20,000 IU\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was administered intravenously, followed by bipolar electroporation via a new single needle electrode. Palliative metronomic chemotherapy (piroxicam, thalidomide, and cyclophosphamide) was also administered as an adjuvant to the local treatment. Both dogs showed reduced tumor size and resolution of clinical signs after the third ECT session. Only mild intraoperative bleeding was observed. Follow-up CT and endoscopy confirmed significant volumetric tumor reduction and improved nasal airflow. Endoscopic-guided ECT combined with metronomic chemotherapy appears to be a promising palliative approach for canine endonasal tumors, providing tumor cytoreduction and improvement of clinical signs. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this approach, either alone or in combination with other surgical or medical treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1756592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:30:53Z","timestamp":1770787853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Endoscopic-guided electrochemotherapy combined with metronomic chemotherapy for the treatment of nasal tumors in dogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Maggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Veterinary, University of Perugia","place":["Perugia, Italy"]},{"name":"Anicura Tyrus Veterinary Clinic","place":["Terni, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Dentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura Tyrus Veterinary Clinic","place":["Terni, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Giovannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura Tyrus Veterinary Clinic","place":["Terni, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Paloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura Tyrus Veterinary Clinic","place":["Terni, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"De Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Marchesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Veterinary, University of Perugia","place":["Perugia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54760","DOI":"10.3791\/54760","article-title":"Operating procedures of the electrochemotherapy for treatment of tumor in dogs and cats","volume":"116","author":"Tozon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.04.006","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy in veterinary oncology: state-of-the-art and perspectives","volume":"49","author":"Spugnini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12187","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of three biopsy techniques in 117 dogs with intranasal neoplasia","volume":"55","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"928","article-title":"Surgery of the upper respiratory tract","volume-title":"Small animal surgery","author":"Macphail","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"492","article-title":"Tumors of the respiratory system","volume-title":"Small animal clinical oncology","author":"Withrow","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"87","article-title":"Endonasal neoformation","volume-title":"Interventional endoscopy in dog and cat","author":"Bottero","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"159","article-title":"Palliative endoscopic debulking treatment of canine nasal carcinoma - 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