{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:28:27Z","timestamp":1793132907357,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Staphylococci are major opportunistic pathogens of companion animals and an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes with zoonotic relevance. Otitis externa is one of the most common conditions requiring antimicrobial therapy in veterinary practice, yet data integrating phenotypic and genomic analyses of staphylococcal isolates remain limited. This retrospective study aimed to characterize\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. isolates recovered from cases of otitis externa in dogs and cats.\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. strains (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 76) recovered from otitis cases in dogs and cats, which were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility according to CLSI guidelines. Methicillin-resistant strains (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 11) were further characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to determine sequence types, resistance determinants, and virulence-associated genes.\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the predominant species identified. A high proportion of strains exhibited resistance to tetracyclines and \u03b2-lactams, and 39.5% were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Methicillin-resistant strains carried\n                    <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and predominantly belonged to the European methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>S. pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSP) lineage ST551, alongside ST496, ST1786, ST1095, and three novel sequence types. Genomic analysis revealed a conserved virulence repertoire including leukocidins, biofilm-associated genes (\n                    <jats:italic>icaBDCA, sdrD<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), lipoprotein maturation enzymes (\n                    <jats:italic>lgt, lspA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and immune-modulatory exotoxins. Core SNP-based analysis showed that two strains from dogs originating from different owners differed by only two SNPs. The combination of phenotypic resistance and genomic virulence determinants observed in these strains highlights the clinical significance of\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in otitis externa and reinforces the need for prudent antimicrobial stewardship and robust infection-control measures in veterinary medicine. The study also illustrates how sustained genomic surveillance can generate insights that support both veterinary and public-health actions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1759838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:22:06Z","timestamp":1769577726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic insights into multidrug resistance and virulence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from companion animal otitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"I-MVET - Research in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Pinto-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), UP","place":["Porto, Portugal"]},{"name":"LAQV@REQUIMTE, University of Porto (UP)","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Isidoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"I-MVET - Research in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"IPLUSO \u2013 Superior School of Health, Protection and Animal Welfare, Polytechnic Institute of Lusophony","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"CECAV - Animal and Veterinary Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Belas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"I-MVET - Research in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"IPLUSO \u2013 Superior School of Health, Protection and Animal Welfare, Polytechnic Institute of Lusophony","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"CECAV - Animal and Veterinary Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University - Lisbon University Centre","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2082177","article-title":"Staphylococcal enterotoxins","volume":"2","author":"Pinchuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00559","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00559-16","article-title":"Serine-aspartate repeat protein D increases Staphylococcus aureus virulence and survival in blood","volume":"85","author":"Askarian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3205\/dgkh000367","article-title":"Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: an undocumented, emerging pathogen in humans","volume":"15","author":"Bhooshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"GMS Hyg Infect Control."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"265","article-title":"The public health risk of companion animal to human transmission of antimicrobial resistance during different types of animal infection","author":"Pomba","year":"2020"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030581","article-title":"Human colonization and infection by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: an emerging and underestimated zoonotic pathogen","volume":"11","author":"Moses","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw029","article-title":"Trends and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in clinical staphylococci isolated from companion animals over a 16 year period","volume":"71","author":"Couto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.01.039","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine","volume":"140","author":"Weese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13351","article-title":"Outcomes, complications and risk factors following fluoroscopically guided transcondylar screw placement for humeral intracondylar fissure","volume":"62","author":"Carwardine","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Small Animal Pract."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14101027","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs with otitis externa and healthy dogs: veterinary and zoonotic implications","volume":"14","author":"Popa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0449-x","article-title":"New insights in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pathogenicity: antibiotic-resistant biofilm formation by a human wound-associated strain","volume":"15","author":"Pompilio","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgeb.2025.100521","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing and biofilm gene characterization in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains","volume":"23","author":"Noumi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Genet Eng Biotechnol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.06.007","article-title":"Methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates: the \u2018mec alphabet' with specific consideration of mecC, a mec homolog associated with zoonotic S. aureus lineages","volume":"304","author":"Becker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq078","article-title":"Clonal spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Europe and North America: an international multicentre study","volume":"65","author":"Perreten","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B14","year":"2024","journal-title":"WHO's List of Medically Important Antimicrobials: A Risk Management Tool for Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Due to Non-Human Use."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/107.3.368","article-title":"Identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococci by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay","volume":"107","author":"Salisbury","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"EURL-AR\n              (EU Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance)\n            \n          \n          MRSA Multiplex PCR-2 Protocol: PCR Amplification of mecA, mecC, pvl and spa (Version 3.1, April 2024)\n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B17","year":"2020","journal-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals 5th ed. CLSI supplement VET01S"},{"key":"B18","year":"2024","journal-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 34th ed. CLSI supplement M100."},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"EUCAST\n              (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing)\n            \n          \n          Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters.\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801005271","article-title":"Distribution of aminoglycoside resistance genes in recent clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus avium","volume":"126","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2291-2302.2005","article-title":"Microarray-based detection of 90 antibiotic resistance genes of Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"43","author":"Perreten","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.4.1423-1426.2003","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for detection of aminoglycoside resistance genes in enterococci","volume":"47","author":"Vakulenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4444","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00868-06","article-title":"Presence of new MecA and Mph(C) variants conferring antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus spp","volume":"44","author":"Schnellmann","year":"2006"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.813-815.2005","article-title":"Florfenicol-chloramphenicol exporter gene fexA is part of the novel transposon Tn558","volume":"49","author":"Kehrenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3614","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01390-09","article-title":"Fusidic acid resistance rates and prevalence of resistance mechanisms among Staphylococcus spp. isolated in North America and Australia, 2007\u20132008","volume":"54","author":"Castanheira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00130-9","article-title":"Comparison of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from humans in the community, broilers, and pigs in Denmark","volume":"37","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050518","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular traits of Staphylococcus coagulans associated with canine skin infections in Portugal","volume":"10","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4089-4094.2003","article-title":"Multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of nine clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"41","author":"Strommenger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03715.x","article-title":"Rapid detection, differentiation and typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus harbouring either mecA or the new mecA homologue MecALGA251","volume":"18","author":"Stegger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7620","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2022.7620","article-title":"Technical specifications for a baseline survey on the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs","volume":"20","author":"EFSA (European Food Safety","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290260469642","article-title":"Streptogramin resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolated from production animals in Denmark in 1997","volume":"8","author":"Jensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0352","article-title":"Plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in a hospital in Lisbon, Portugal","volume":"22","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0345","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040345","article-title":"Clonal lineages, antimicrobial resistance, and PVL carriage of Staphylococcus aureus associated to skin and soft-tissue infections from ambulatory patients in Portugal","volume":"10","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02260-10","article-title":"Virulence and resistance determinants of German Staphylococcus aureus ST398 isolates from nonhuman sources","volume":"77","author":"Argud\u00edn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku174","article-title":"Emergence of trimethoprim resistance gene dfrG in Staphylococcus aureus causing human infection and colonization in sub-Saharan Africa and its import to Europe","volume":"69","author":"Nurjadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0163962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163962","article-title":"SeqKit: a cross-platform and ultrafast toolkit for FASTA\/Q file manipulation","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75","article-title":"The RAST server: rapid annotations using subsystems technology","volume":"9","author":"Aziz","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","article-title":"ResFinder 4","volume":"75","author":"Bortolaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-024-06005-z","article-title":"Solu: a cloud platform for real-time genomic pathogen surveillance","volume":"26","author":"Saratto","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","article-title":"In silico detection and typing of plasmids using PlasmidFinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing","volume":"58","author":"Carattoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1","article-title":"Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications","volume":"3","author":"Jolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00612","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00612-17","article-title":"SCCmecFinder, a web-based tool for typing of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in Staphylococcus aureus using whole-genome sequence data","volume":"3","author":"Kaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"MSphere."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D687","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1080","article-title":"VFDB 2019: A comparative pathogenomic platform with an interactive web interface","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104984","article-title":"Solving the problem of comparing whole bacterial genomes across different sequencing platforms","volume":"9","author":"Kaas","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000093","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000093","article-title":"Microreact: Visualizing and sharing data for genomic epidemiology and phylogeography","volume":"2","author":"Argim\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb Genom."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819804.ch31","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine","author":"Lloyd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectrum"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2024.106153","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical specimens of companion animals in Northern Portugal, 2021\u20132023","volume":"305","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14050742","article-title":"Microbiological survey and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of microorganisms obtained from suspect cases of canine otitis externa in Gran Canaria, Spain","volume":"14","author":"Rosales","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B50","volume-title":"Sales of Veterinary Antimicrobial Agents in 31 European Countries in 2022","year":"2023"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112239","article-title":"Prevalence of mecA, mecC and Panton-Valentine-leukocidin genes in clinical isolates of coagulase positive staphylococci from dermatological canine patients","volume":"10","author":"Platenik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34970-7","article-title":"Dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance genes in Escherichia coli from Europe and North America","volume":"13","author":"Zamudio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B53","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Animal Agriculture in the United"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900480","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.900480","article-title":"Tracking infection and genetic divergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at pets, pet owners, and environment interface","volume":"9","author":"Shoaib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.002","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs and the description of their SCCmec elements","volume":"233","author":"Krapf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz509","article-title":"Specific staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types and clonal complexes are associated with low-level amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid and cefalotin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius","volume":"75","author":"Wegener","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109119","article-title":"Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary clinics","volume":"258","author":"Papi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12204","article-title":"In vitro assessment of chloramphenicol and florfenicol as second-line antimicrobial agents in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Maaland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03393","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03393-22","article-title":"Diverse populations of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius colonize the skin of healthy dogs","volume":"11","author":"F\u00e0bregas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectrum."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.02.025","article-title":"Draft genome of an extremely drug-resistant ST551 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from an Italian dog with otitis externa","volume":"25","author":"Vitali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97976-z","article-title":"Epidemiology of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in cats in Poland","volume":"11","author":"Bierowiec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00742-5","article-title":"Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics","volume":"9","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081695","article-title":"Isolation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in immunocompromised patients from a single center in Spain: a zoonotic pathogen from companion animals","volume":"12","author":"Vi\u00f1es","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03055","article-title":"Evolution of the population structure of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in France","volume":"9","author":"Bergot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900071","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.39.1900071","article-title":"Shedding of OXA-181 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from companion animals after hospitalisation in Switzerland: an outbreak in 2018","volume":"24","author":"Nigg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16038","article-title":"Acquisition and carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms in dogs and cats presented to small animal practices and clinics in Switzerland","volume":"35","author":"Dazio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050637","article-title":"Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp","volume":"11","author":"R\u00f8ken","year":"2022","journal-title":"from infected dogs to the home environment and owners Antibiotics."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2025.106469","article-title":"Epidemiological multilevel surveillance of methicillin-Resistant staphylococci in a veterinary teaching hospital and first characterization of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates using IR Biotyper\u00ae","volume":"314","author":"Scarpellini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.27","article-title":"Leukocidins: Staphylococcal bi-component pore-forming toxins find their receptors","volume":"15","author":"Spaan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204450","article-title":"Characterization of a leukocidin identified in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius","volume":"13","author":"Abouelkhair","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00688.x","article-title":"Ica and beyond: Biofilm mechanisms and regulation in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"270","author":"O'Gara","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07920-4","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Staphylococcus aureusCommun Biol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6145","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00261-06","volume":"74","author":"Nakao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalisInfect Immun."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2411-2423.2005","volume":"73","author":"Stoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Staphylococcus aureusInfect Immun."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01404","article-title":"Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus lipoproteins: role in nutritional acquisition and pathogenicity","volume":"7","author":"Shahmirzadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13724-y","article-title":"Structures of lipoprotein signal peptidase II from Staphylococcus aureus complexed with antibiotics globomycin and myxovirescin","volume":"11","author":"Olatunji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12041","article-title":"Lipoproteins in bacteria: structures and biosynthetic pathways","volume":"279","author":"Nakayama","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(00)01180-9","article-title":"Staphylococcal lipases: Biochemical and molecular characterization","volume":"82","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochimie."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229578","DOI":"10.1080\/20008686.2023.2229578","article-title":"An investigation of household dogs as the source in a case of human bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius","volume":"13","author":"\u00d6stholm Balkhed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050548","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from hunters and hunting dogs","volume":"11","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07541-w","article-title":"Characterisation of staphylococci species from neonatal blood cultures in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"22","author":"Sands","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2020-0179","article-title":"Vancomycin heteroresistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus: elusive phenotype","author":"Bathavatchalam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.047","article-title":"Autolysin mediated adherence of Staphylococcus aureus with fibronectin, gelatin and heparin","volume":"110","author":"Porayath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-018-0615-2","article-title":"Are zoonotic Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains a growing threat for humans?","volume":"63","author":"Kmieciak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035197","article-title":"Sharing more than friendship\u2014Nasal colonization with coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) and co-habitation aspects of dogs and their owners","volume":"7","author":"Walther","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz462","article-title":"Faecal carriage, risk factors, acquisition and persistence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs and cats and co-carriage with humans belonging to the same household","volume":"75","author":"Bunt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-024-02016-1","article-title":"Characterization of meningitis-causing bacteria, with focus on genomic and pangenomic study of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"118","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030684","article-title":"Whole-Genome sequencing of linezolid-resistant and linezolid-intermediate-susceptibility Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates in a Mexican tertiary care University Hospital","volume":"13","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Ayala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12886","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of canine and feline skin and ear pathogens isolated from European veterinary clinics: results of the ComPath surveillance programme","volume":"31","author":"Jong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1759838\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:22:08Z","timestamp":1769577728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1759838\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2026.1759838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1759838","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"article-number":"1759838"}}