{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T08:09:40Z","timestamp":1785312580534,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Yellow wine lees (YWL) are a nutrient-rich by-product of yellow wine brewing and have potential as a feed substrate for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL,\n                      <jats:italic>Hermetia illucens<\/jats:italic>\n                      ); however, their effects on larval growth, nutrient composition, and gut microbiota remain unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six diets containing 0% (T0), 10% (T1), 20% (T2), 30% (T3), 40% (T4), and 50% (T5) YWL (w\/w) were fed to four-day-old larvae for 16 days until the prepupal stage. Larval average dry weight, feed reduction rate, crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) were measured; gut bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Larvae fed the T3 diet (30% YWL) achieved the highest average dry weight (83.69 mg) and feed reduction rate (68.49%); inclusion levels of 40% or higher significantly inhibited larval growth (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). CP content peaked in the moderate-inclusion groups (T2 and T3; 47.96\u201348.37%), while EE increased with the YWL inclusion level. Inclusion of 10\u201330% YWL maintained microbial species richness, whereas inclusion of 40\u201350% caused species loss and community imbalance. Moderate inclusion increased the relative abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      , notably\n                      <jats:italic>Terrisporobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which correlated positively with growth indicators; conversely, high inclusion enriched\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , correlating with growth inhibition and fat accumulation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Replacing cornmeal and wheat bran with 20\u201330% YWL improved gut microbial structure, BSFL growth efficiency, and larval crude protein content. In contrast, inclusion levels of 40% or higher, accompanied by dietary acidification and ethanol accumulation, induced gut microbial dysbiosis and suppressed larval growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1764177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:53:16Z","timestamp":1785311596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of feeding black soldier fly larvae with yellow wine lees on growth performance, nutrient composition, and gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University","place":["Jinzhong, China"]},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Solid-State Brewing in Colleges and Universities of Shanxi Province","place":["Jinzhong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University","place":["Jinzhong, China"]},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Solid-State Brewing in Colleges and Universities of Shanxi Province","place":["Jinzhong, China"]},{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University","place":["Jinzhong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyuan","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University","place":["Jinzhong, China"]},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Solid-State Brewing in Colleges and Universities of Shanxi Province","place":["Jinzhong, China"]},{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University","place":["Jinzhong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University","place":["Jinzhong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlin","family":"Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University","place":["Jinzhong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University","place":["Jinzhong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University","place":["Jinzhong, 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