{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T21:39:39Z","timestamp":1773265179788,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the mammary gland\u2019s extended volume, intense metabolic turnover and economic importance in dairy cattle, it is a mystery why mammary neoplasms are so rare in this species. This report describes the gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of two cases of mammary intraductal papillary adenomas in two, nine- and 10-year-old, nulliparous Holstein\u2013Friesian cows that were part of a long-term experiment concerning bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Necropsy revealed multiple intraductal papillary masses and ductal accumulation of serous fluid and \/ or suppurative exudate, confined to one mammary quarter in each cow. Microscopically, lesions consisted of well-differentiated papillary proliferations lined by cytokeratin-positive epithelial cells supported by smooth muscle actin\u2013positive myoepithelium and vimentin-positive fibrovascular stroma. A periodic acid\u2013Schiff reaction confirmed an intact basal membrane. No necrosis, invasive growth or metastasis were detected. This case report of two benign mammary neoplasms in aged, nulliparous dairy cows provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis of parity- and lactation-related protection from neoplasia in cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1766623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T05:35:26Z","timestamp":1773207326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Two cases of mammary intraductal papillary adenomas in nulliparous aged dairy cattle"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Olanrewaju Ifeoluwa","family":"Fatola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Balkema-Buschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin H.","family":"Groschup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reiner","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University","place":["Leipzig, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.14720\/aas.2013.102.2.13686","article-title":"Mammary tumors in ruminants","volume":"102","author":"Prpar Mihevc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Agric Slov"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20160736","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20160736","article-title":"Metastatic mammary carcinoma in a cow","volume":"47","author":"Piva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cienc Rural"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2012.713165","article-title":"Secretory carcinoma of the mammary gland in an 8-year-old Holstein-Friesian dairy cow","volume":"32","author":"Ohfuji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589202900614","article-title":"Mammary carcinoma with peritoneal metastasis in a cow","volume":"29","author":"Petrites-Murphy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"142","article-title":"Bovine mammary gland carcinoma","volume":"124","author":"Elder","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588302000418","article-title":"Mammary carcinoma in a cow","volume":"20","author":"Beamer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1177\/030098586900600603","article-title":"Mammary gland neoplasia in the cow. 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