{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:21:46Z","timestamp":1780370506832,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uterine leiomyomas (ULs) are increasingly becoming a disease affecting women\u2019s health and are one of the most common tumors of the female reproductive system. The pathogenesis of ULs remains incompletely understood, and abnormal hormone levels as well as genetic factors are considered to be causative factors. To further investigate the pathogenesis of this disease, explore new treatment options, and validate new therapeutic drugs, reliable animal models are indispensable. The main animal models currently used for studying ULs include four categories: spontaneous animal models, genetically modified animal models, hormone-induced animal models, and xenograft animal models. This paper systematically reviews the advantages and disadvantages of these four major animal models, their applicable scenarios, proposes potential optimization strategies, and organizes a framework for matching research objectives with appropriate animal models, thereby promoting research on the mechanisms and treatment approaches of ULs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1772750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T05:27:37Z","timestamp":1771824457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preclinical research platform for uterine leiomyoma: construction optimization and selection of animal models"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Foshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Foshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Foshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Foshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhehui","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Foshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14640","article-title":"Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review","volume":"124","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/94.4.435","article-title":"The frequency of uterine leiomyomas","volume":"94","author":"Cramer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880055","article-title":"Smooth muscle, endometrial stromal, and mixed m\u00fcllerian tumors of the uterus","volume":"13","author":"Kempson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2014.0877","article-title":"The conservative and interventional treatment of fibroids","volume":"111","author":"Boosz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70527","article-title":"The epidemiology and pathogenesis of uterine fibroids","volume":"171","author":"Munro","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetricsl"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)03622-9","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"357","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S51083","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: current perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Women's Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005191","article-title":"Racial differences in the association of endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas with the risk of ovarian cancer","volume":"141","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199404000-00013","article-title":"The Maine women's health study: II. 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