{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T07:50:46Z","timestamp":1773733846979,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Agricultural Industrial Technology System","award":["SDAIT-11-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-11-01"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Project","award":["2025CXGC010803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CXGC010803"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Since its initial isolation from chickens,\n                      <jats:italic>Riemerella anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      has emerged as an increasingly prevalent pathogen in major poultry-producing regions, causing substantial economic losses, particularly through reduced egg production.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the present study, an epidemiological investigation was conducted to detect coinfected pathogens in\n                      <jats:italic>R. anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive clinical samples. Based on the epidemiological findings, the impact of coinfection with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) on the pathogenicity of\n                      <jats:italic>R. anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      was evaluated in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Epidemiological analysis revealed that IBV was the most frequently detected coinfecting pathogen (11.43%) in\n                      <jats:italic>R. anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive samples. Animal challenge experiments demonstrated that bacterial loads in the liver, spleen, and brain were significantly higher in coinfected chickens than in those infected with\n                      <jats:italic>R. anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      alone. Notably, the incidence of oviduct obstruction was markedly elevated in the coinfected group (100%) compared to the group infected solely with\n                      <jats:italic>R. anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      (40%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results suggested that IBV coinfection exacerbated the pathogenicity of\n                      <jats:italic>R. anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      in chickens. These findings highlight the critical role of polymicrobial interactions in modulating bacterial virulence and provide a foundation for developing integrated control strategies against\n                      <jats:italic>R. anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1788133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T05:26:25Z","timestamp":1773725185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coinfection with infectious bronchitis virus exacerbates the pathogenicity of Riemerella anatipestifer in chickens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Animal Health Products Co., Ltd.","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Animal Health Products Co., Ltd.","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuoming","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-43-4-768","article-title":"Riemerella anatipestifer gen. 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