{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:21:06Z","timestamp":1785774066623,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009574","name":"University of Belgrade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009574","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Theileria orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of cattle causing oriental or benign theileriosis. It has a worldwide distribution and is not considered a zoonotic agent, while the disease symptoms range from subclinical to severe.\n                    <jats:italic>Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are very common co-infecting agents with other tick borne pathogens such as\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. including zoonotic\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    with rising prominence. This study is an exploratory investigation of the occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and other blood parasites in cattle from Gacko and Bile\u0107a, Herzegovina. Blood samples from 35 clinically healthy cattle were selected based on veterinary reports of tick infestation and examined microscopically, by PCR (\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia\/Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasmataceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and qPCR (\n                    <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum, A.platys, A.marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Microscopy revealed intraerythrocytic bacterial forms in multiple samples.\n                    <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA was detected in one and\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia\/Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA in 34 samples. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the\n                    <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate was grouped with isolates from Europe, suggesting regional pathogen circulation.\n                    <jats:italic>AnkA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene analysis placed the isolate in European group I, but outside the zoonotic subcluster, indicating a ruminant-associated lineage maintained primarily in wildlife\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    cycles. The 18S rRNA gene sequencing showed subtle regional clustering of\n                    <jats:italic>T.orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. This is the first molecular confirmation of\n                    <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in cattle from Eastern Herzegovina and identification of possible enzootic foci of\n                    <jats:italic>T. orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, deeming further investigation into tick vectors and reservoir hosts in the region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1791187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T04:17:19Z","timestamp":1775103439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and enzootic focus of Theileria orientalis in cattle from Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Vasi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine 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