{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:04:45Z","timestamp":1780380285610,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cannabinoid-based therapies have shown analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing potential across veterinary species; however, clinical data on long-term use of THC-rich formulations in horses remain scarce. This case report describes the use of combined oral and topical THC-rich and CBD-rich full-spectrum cannabis oils as part of a palliative care strategy in a rescued horse with severe chronic disease. A senior mixed-breed gelding was rescued with a large, chronic ulcerative lesion of the left hind limb, severe malnutrition, non-weight-bearing lameness (AAEP grade 5\/5), and refractory pain. Diagnostic workup identified a fibroblastic equine sarcoid complicated by complete suspensory tendon rupture, early osteomyelitis, and chronic joint disease. Conventional medical and surgical options were limited due to poor response, disease severity, and resource constraints. A long-term palliative protocol was initiated using oral THC-rich and CBD-rich full-spectrum cannabis oils (1:1 ratio; 100 mg\/mL each) with gradual dose escalation to a target of 0.5 mg\/kg of each compound every 12 hours. The same formulation was applied topically to the wound once to twice daily. Treatment duration was 10 months, with concurrent multimodal analgesia as needed. Cannabinoid therapy was associated with sustained improvements in appetite, body condition, pain, and mobility. Marked wound improvement was observed, including reduced granulation tissue, improved epithelialization, and resolution of self-mutilation. No clinically relevant adverse effects or laboratory abnormalities occurred during routine dosing. Transient ataxia and sedation were noted only at high rescue doses near end of life. Despite eventual disease progression and euthanasia due to refractory pain, quality of life was substantially improved for most of the treatment period. This case supports the potential role of combined THC-rich and CBD-rich cannabis oils as a safe and effective adjunct in multimodal palliative care for horses with chronic, refractory conditions. Controlled studies are warranted to define optimal dosing and indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1794084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:43:41Z","timestamp":1780379021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Oral and topical chronic administration of THC-rich and CBD-rich cannabis oil as palliative care in a rescued horse with open wound, sarcoid and chronic pain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Zamith Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Matter Studiorum - University of Bologna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Teramo","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduarda Hausen","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Veterinary Practitioner","place":["Santa Catarina, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Lucas Lopes","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Veterinary Practitioner","place":["Santa Catarina, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia Canale","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Conventional and Integrative Veterinary Medicine (PPGMVCI), Cannabis Development and Innovation Hub (PODICAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)","place":["Curitibanos, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Amazonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Conventional and Integrative Veterinary Medicine (PPGMVCI), Cannabis Development and Innovation Hub (PODICAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)","place":["Curitibanos, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9090686","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system of animals","volume":"9","author":"Silver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0326","article-title":"Resistin regulates inflammation and insulin resistance in humans via the endocannabinoid system","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research (Wash D C)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020306","article-title":"Role of the endocannabinoid system in metabolic control processes and in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome: an 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