{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:00:06Z","timestamp":1781283606079,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Extracts derived from the walnut (\n                      <jats:italic>Juglans regia<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) green husk exhibit a variety of biological activities. This study investigated the effects of walnut green husk polyphenol extracts (WGHPE) on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS)-related indicators, antioxidant performance, and cecal microbiota modulation in laying hens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 350 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 43 weeks were randomly assigned to five groups with seven replicates per group and 10 hens per replicate. An FLHS model was induced via intramuscular injection of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -estradiol dissolved in corn oil. The control (Con) and FLHS model groups received a basal diet, whereas three FLHS-based treatment groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% (WGHPEL), 1.0% (WGHPEM), or 1.5% (WGHPEH) WGHPE, respectively. All laying hens had unrestricted access to food and water throughout the 8-week experimental period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the FLHS group, dietary supplementation with WGHPE significantly reduced liver weight, liver coefficient, abdominal adipose weight, and abdominal adipose coefficient. Histological evaluation demonstrated that WGHPE alleviated hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and lipid droplet accumulation, indicating an improvement in FLHS-related pathological features. Furthermore, WGHPE significantly reversed FLHS-induced elevations in serum levels of total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. WGHPE also enhanced systemic antioxidant capacity by increasing catalase and total superoxide dismutase activities in\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -estradiol\/corn oil-induced laying hens, while decreasing malondialdehyde levels. Regarding intestinal health, WGHPE significantly increased villus height and the villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum and ileum. Furthermore, in the WGHPE treatment group, the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial taxa was increased.\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Parasutterella<\/jats:italic>\n                      were positively correlated with body weight and abdominal adipose deposition, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>unclassified_Oscillospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed negative correlations. These findings collectively indicate beneficial associations between dietary WGHPE supplementation, intestinal microbiota composition, and overall health status in laying hens with FLHS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dietary supplementation with WGHPE mitigated\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -estradiol\/corn oil-induced FLHS-associated liver injury, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and improved intestinal morphology and microbial composition. A supplementation level of 1.5% WGHPE is recommended for optimal efficacy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1803328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:27:48Z","timestamp":1781281668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary supplementation with walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk polyphenol extract mitigates fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology College","place":["Jilin, Jilin Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezhao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology College","place":["Jilin, Jilin Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caoxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology College","place":["Jilin, Jilin Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology College","place":["Jilin, Jilin Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology College","place":["Jilin, Jilin Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology College","place":["Jilin, Jilin Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology College","place":["Jilin, Jilin Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baishuang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, 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