{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:05:53Z","timestamp":1784041553819,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Increasing resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) to synthetic anthelmintics undermines the sustainability of small ruminant production, underscoring the urgent need for alternative control strategies. This study evaluated the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvicidal activity of aqueous extracts from 24 plant species, including forages, common weeds, and herb species with reported antiparasitic properties. Third-stage larvae (L3) of sheep GINs (predominantly\n                    <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides papillosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were exposed to each aqueous extract at 500 or 750\u202f\u03bcL\/mL, and larval mortality was assessed at 12, 24, and 48-h post-exposure. Results showed a clear dose-dependent and time-dependent increase in larval mortality. At the higher dose, five extracts demonstrated \u226590% mortality of larvae at 48\u202fh, including\n                    <jats:italic>Ageratum conyzoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Euphorbia esula<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Chenopodium album<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Abutilon theophrasti<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Eupatorium altissimum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>Ageratum conyzoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Abutilon theophrasti<\/jats:italic>\n                    caused over 85% larval mortality within the first 12\u202fh of exposure, and the high efficacy of plant\n                    <jats:italic>Eupatorium altissimum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Abutilon theophrasti<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a novel finding in this study. Principal component analysis (PCA) of efficacy data grouped the extracts into distinct high-, moderate, and low-efficacy tiers. High-efficacy species (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>A. conyzoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>E. esula<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>C. album<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) clustered separately from moderate-efficacy species (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Solidago rugosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ocimum basilicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Albizia julibrissin<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and low-efficacy species (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Lespedeza cuneata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Plantago major<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Some efficacious plants also exhibited favorable nutritional profiles, for instance,\n                    <jats:italic>Dalea purpurea, Cichorium intybus, Lotus corniculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Onobrychis viciifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    combined antiparasitic effects with low fiber content and high\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    digestibility. These results highlight that several plant species merit further evaluations as sustainable botanical dewormers for GIN control. This broad screening provides a foundation for\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    trials and supports the future development of integrated parasite management strategies for small ruminant production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1805893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T05:44:24Z","timestamp":1778564664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Larvicidal activity of antiparasitic plant extracts against ovine gastrointestinal nematodes: an in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri","place":["Columbia, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niya","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University","place":["Jefferson City, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimat","family":"Shittu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University","place":["Jefferson City, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Imranuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University","place":["Jefferson City, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipsana","family":"Kc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University","place":["Jefferson City, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Men","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri","place":["Columbia, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri","place":["Columbia, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tumen","family":"Wuliji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University","place":["Jefferson City, MO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfae033","article-title":"Sustainable worm control in ruminants in Europe: current perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Charlier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Front"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566720","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1566720","article-title":"Insights into the role of bioactive plants for lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus parasite","volume":"12","author":"Kom\u00e1romyov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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