{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:55:11Z","timestamp":1781585711956,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. achieve intracellular parasitism by hijacking host autophagy pathways. Sheep Leydig cells (SLCs) are important intracellular parasitic target cells for\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). To investigate the molecular regulatory network induced by\n                    <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in SLCs, particularly whether the autophagic pathway response differs from that in other cell types, transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on SLCs treated with\n                    <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    BA0711. According to the criteria of |log\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    FC|\u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.582 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05, a total of 6,036 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 100 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were identified, both of which were significantly enriched in the autophagy\u2013animal pathway. RT-qPCR confirmed that the expression trends of validated DEGs were consistent with mRNA sequencing results. In the autophagy\u2013animal pathway,\n                    <jats:italic>ULK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ATG13<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ATG14<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PIK3C3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ATG5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ATG101<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>ATG16L2<\/jats:italic>\n                    were predicted as the top seven hub DEGs. Overexpression and knockdown experiments of miR-1, together with dual-luciferase reporter assays, demonstrated that miR-1 inhibits the mRNA expression of its downstream target ATG14 by binding to the 3\u2019UTR of ATG14. This study revealed the potential regulatory role of the miR-1\u2013ATG14 axis in this process. These findings provide a novel, cell-specific perspective on the early host\u2013pathogen interactions elicited by\n                    <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    within a tissue microenvironment relevant to brucellosis, offering a foundation for future mechanistic studies in more complex systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1809720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:28:10Z","timestamp":1781584090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MiR-1 mediates autophagy via ATG14 in sheep Leydig cells infected with Brucella melitensis strain BA0711"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zitong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihua","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hejie","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Churiga","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122986","article-title":"The development of a human Brucella mucosal vaccine: What should be considered?","volume":"355","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01759","article-title":"Immune response to mucosal Brucella infection","volume":"10","author":"L\u00f3pez-Santiago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front 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