{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:55:23Z","timestamp":1781585723423,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Despite advances in dairy husbandry, mastitis-associated\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia (E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .)\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MAEC) remains a primary causative agent of bovine mastitis, contributing significantly to economic losses in the cattle industry. This study characterized 50\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from severe, moderate, mild, and subclinical mastitis by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genotypic analysis, including PCR, DNA microarray,\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    phylotyping and whole-genome sequencing of selected strains. Antimicrobial resistance rates were highest for ampicillin (30%), tetracycline (20%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (20%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (14%); The majority of isolates (66%) was susceptible to antibiotics. One isolate displayed an ESBL phenotype, carrying\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that members of phylogroups B1 (50%) and A (16%) are predominant among the isolates, followed by group C (12%), with the remaining isolates belonging to groups D, E, and F, and two unassigned. The most prevalent virulence-associated genes detected were\n                    <jats:italic>fimH<\/jats:italic>\n                    (100%), and genes of the ferric dicitrate uptake locus (\n                    <jats:italic>fecIRABCDE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Overall, MAEC isolates exhibited diverse and heterogeneous genetic profiles. The proliferation of ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    poses a threat within a One Health framework, given the risk of multidrug-resistant strains at the human-animal-environment interface, compromising critical antimicrobials in both veterinary and human medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1812989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:29:40Z","timestamp":1781584180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates associated with bovine mastitis in Austria"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Susanna M.","family":"Piechl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Farm Animals and Food Systems Safety Clinical Center for Ruminant and Camelid Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Cabal","family":"Rosel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Surveillance","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Ruppitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck","place":["Innsbruck, Austria"]},{"name":"Faculty of Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology, University of Donja Gorica","place":["Podgorica, Montenegro"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI)","place":["Jena, Germany"]},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V.","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha D.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI)","place":["Jena, Germany"]},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V.","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Monecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI)","place":["Jena, Germany"]},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V.","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Ehricht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI)","place":["Jena, Germany"]},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e.V.","place":["Jena, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Wehrend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen","place":["Gie\u00dfen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Urbantke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Farm Animals and Food Systems Safety Clinical Center for Ruminant and Camelid Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wittek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Farm Animals and Food Systems Safety Clinical Center for Ruminant and Camelid Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Szostak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Farm Animals and Food Systems Safety Clinical Center for Ruminant and Camelid Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Loncaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122212","article-title":"Epidemiology and classification of mastitis","volume":"10","author":"Cobirka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2638-4534","article-title":"Resistenzverhalten boviner Mastitis-assoziierter Escherichia coli-Isolate gegen\u00fcber ausgew\u00e4hlten antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen in \u00d6sterreich","volume":"53","author":"Piechl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg 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