{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:01:18Z","timestamp":1790686878195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This research explored the approaches of veterinarians to diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteritis in puppies up to 1\u202fyear of age in Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados. The study assessed clinical decision-making, therapeutic interventions, and utilisation of evidence-based practices. Data were gathered from veterinarians through online surveys and semi-structured interviews. The study revealed a significant association between the diagnosis of parvovirus and hospitalisation (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt;\u202f0.001), as well as between the diagnosis of parvovirus and intravenous (IV) fluid administration (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u202f0.002). All veterinarians used a multi-drug regimen in treatment. Similarities in treatment protocols among veterinarians with different years of activity were observed, with the most used therapeutic agents being lactated ringer\u2019s solution (fluid therapy), metronidazole (antibiotic), vitamins (nutraceutical), metoclopramide (antiemetic), and Fortiflora\u00ae (probiotic). Based on the data collected, symptomatic treatment modalities consistent with current international literature are widely utilized by the veterinarians in Barbados. However, due to a low response rate, the same cannot be concluded for Trinidad and Tobago.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1813429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:36:55Z","timestamp":1790685415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Managing gastroenteritis in puppies: veterinary practices in Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Natasha","family":"Mootoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences (DCVS), School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anya","family":"Doorpat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences (DCVS), School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariah","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences (DCVS), School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karishma","family":"Maharajh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences (DCVS), School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwatomi","family":"Oredein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences (DCVS), School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kegan Romelle","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences (DBVS), School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), The University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-0306-7.00117-3","article-title":"Gastroenteritis","author":"Trotman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small Anim. 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