{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:11:10Z","timestamp":1777957870710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the most common cause of bacterial food infections worldwide. In Algeria, data regarding the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance, genotyping and virulence associated mechanism of\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolated from slaughterhouses in Algeria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 133 pooled poultry samples were collected from five slaughterhouses in Algiers.\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was differentiated and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 12 antimicrobial agents was assessed using Kirby-Bauer-Method. The\n                      <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      O gene and mutations in the\n                      <jats:italic>gyr<\/jats:italic>\n                      A gene associated with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolone resistance were investigated, respectively. The potential associated genes were screened. The\n                      <jats:italic>fla<\/jats:italic>\n                      A typing for isolated\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      was performed using PCR-RFLP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was detected in 28 (21.05%) poultry samples. The prevalence was significantly higher in caecal samples (61.11%) than in neck skin samples (14.78%). Among 28 isolates, 19 (67.86%), 8 (28.57%) and 1 (3.57%) were identified as\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter lari<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. High levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones (92.86%), nalidixic acid (96.43%) and tetracycline (85.71%) were observed. Multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents was ranged between 7.14 and 28.57%. The\n                      <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      O gene was amplified in 20 (83.3%) phenotypic tetracycline resistant isolates while mutations in the\n                      <jats:italic>gyr<\/jats:italic>\n                      A gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance were detected in 84.62% (22\/26) of isolates.\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was differentiated into 16 genotypes and two isolates from human were belonged to two different\n                      <jats:italic>fla<\/jats:italic>\n                      A genotypes. All 19\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates carried\n                      <jats:italic>cad<\/jats:italic>\n                      F and\n                      <jats:italic>cdt<\/jats:italic>\n                      A, while\n                      <jats:italic>rac<\/jats:italic>\n                      R,\n                      <jats:italic>dna<\/jats:italic>\n                      J,\n                      <jats:italic>cdt<\/jats:italic>\n                      B and\n                      <jats:italic>cdt<\/jats:italic>\n                      C were detected in 36.84, 36.84, 84.21 and 52.63%, respectively. In turkeys, 22.22% of\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 100% of\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      harbored all virulence associated genes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings emphasize the importance of integrated surveillance of\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      across animal and human sectors to mitigate public health risks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1819023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:17:03Z","timestamp":1777954623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance, genetic diversity and virulence associated factors of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry meat in Algeria"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Radia","family":"Bouhamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System (HASAQ), Higher National Veterinary School Rabie BOUCHAMA (ENSV)","place":["Algiers, Algeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taha-Mossadak","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System (HASAQ), Higher National Veterinary School Rabie BOUCHAMA (ENSV)","place":["Algiers, Algeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cemil","family":"Kurekci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Dokuz Eylul University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Tomaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hosny","family":"El-Adawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Jena, Germany"]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University","place":["Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13102363","article-title":"Major foodborne bacterial pathogens in poultry: implications for human health and the poultry industry and probiotic mitigation strategies","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.11.019","article-title":"Campylobacteriosis: the role of poultry meat","volume":"22","author":"Skarp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol 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