{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:01:35Z","timestamp":1791259295389,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union \u2013 NextGenerationEU","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rodents of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Apodemus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are among the most widespread and abundant small mammals in Europe and play a central role in the ecology of numerous zoonotic pathogens. Owing to their ecological plasticity, high population densities, and frequent infestation by arthropod vectors,\n                    <jats:italic>Apodemus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species contribute to the maintenance and transmission of a diverse array of bacterial, viral, and protozoan agents of public health concern. This narrative review synthesises current knowledge on vector-borne pathogens associated with European\n                    <jats:italic>Apodemus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and highlights marked heterogeneity in species-specific epidemiological roles across pathogens. We highlight marked heterogeneity in the epidemiological roles of\n                    <jats:italic>Apodemus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. across pathogens. While they function as confirmed reservoir hosts for some agents, particularly certain\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    genospecies and\n                    <jats:italic>Neoehrlichia mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , their contribution to other transmission cycles is ecotype-dependent, indirect, or context-specific. Infection dynamics are shaped by host demography, population density, community composition, habitat configuration, and climatic variability, which together modulate vector abundance, host-vector contact rates, and environmental persistence. Importantly, infection prevalence alone does not equate to reservoir competence; instead, pathogen-specific life histories and ecological context determine the extent to which\n                    <jats:italic>Apodemus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. amplify or bridge transmission. Landscape structure, forest cover, and temperature-related variables emerge as key large-scale predictors of tick-borne pathogen incidence, linking rodent ecology to human disease risk. Urbanisation and land-use change further reorganise host\u2013vector networks, creating novel interfaces for spillover. By integrating multi-pathogen evidence across ecological scales, this review underscores the importance of adopting a One Health perspective that considers rodent ecology, vector biology, and environmental change in concert. Understanding the context-dependent role of\n                    <jats:italic>Apodemus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. is essential for anticipating future zoonotic risk under ongoing climatic and landscape transformation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1822333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:31:58Z","timestamp":1780547518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From reservoirs to ecological integrators: the role of European Apodemus spp. in vector-borne zoonotic pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine","place":["Udine, Italy"]},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Dorigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale","place":["Udine, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie","place":["Campoformido, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Leopardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie","place":["Legnaro, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Tagliapietra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center","place":["Palermo, Italy"]},{"name":"Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach","place":["San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Beraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine","place":["Udine, Italy"]},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35273-7","article-title":"Population fluctuations and synanthropy explain transmission risk in rodent-borne zoonoses","volume":"13","author":"Ecke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adq7993","article-title":"Emerging patterns in rodent-borne zoonotic 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