{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:46:16Z","timestamp":1782794776531,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Umbilical remnant infections are common in neonatal foals and may involve one or more umbilical structures. Diagnosis relies on thorough clinical examination, ultrasonography, and hematologic evaluation. Standard care includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, with surgical resection if conservative therapy fails. Omphalophlebitis may extend to the liver, prompting consideration of umbilical vein marsupialization. Surgery is performed in dorsal recumbency with a fusiform incision around the umbilicus. The umbilical arteries and urachus are ligated and transected, with partial cystectomy when indicated, and the umbilical vein is mobilized cranially. Marsupialization is indicated when safe ligation and transection are not feasible, or when infection extends into the hepatic parenchyma. Cranial midline translocation incorporates the partially resected vein into the cranial celiotomy closure, limiting intra-abdominal contamination. However, this approach may predispose to surgical site infection and herniation, often necessitating a second surgery. In the right paramedian translocation technique, an additional paramedian incision is created for marsupialization; the stoma heals by second intention. Although this method carries a risk of contamination during exteriorization of the vein stump; protective, risk-mitigating strategies have been reported. Perioperative management includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, ideally guided by culture and sensitivity testing, along with wound care and, in some reports, flushing of the stoma. Prognosis is less favorable for foals requiring marsupialization\u2014typically those with hepatic involvement\u2014than for those undergoing simple omphalectomy, although favorable long-term survival has been reported. Despite limited and heterogeneous literature, umbilical vein marsupialization remains a viable surgical option in appropriately selected cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1836434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:25:05Z","timestamp":1782793505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Umbilical vein marsupialization in foals\u2014short literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Florczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Small Animals and Horses, Center for Equine Health and Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"The Embryology of Domestic Animals. Developmental Mechanisms and Malformations\n          \n          \n            \n              Noden\n              DM\n            \n            \n              de Lahunta\n              A\n            \n          \n          Baltimore\n          Williams & Wilkins\n          \n          1985"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1532-950x.1993.Tb00380.X","article-title":"Marsupialization of umbilical vein abscesses with involvement of the liver in 13 calves","volume":"22","author":"Steiner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/J.Cveq.2006.04.002","article-title":"Infections in the equine abdomen and pelvis: perirectal abscesses, umbilical infections, and peritonitis","volume":"22","author":"Elce","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1987.190.03.316","article-title":"Umbilical cord remnant infections in foals: 16 cases (1975-1985)","volume":"190","author":"Adams","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520491","DOI":"10.3389\/Fvets.2025.1520491","article-title":"Urogenital surgery in foals","volume":"12","author":"Saitua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/Evj.13267","article-title":"Normal regression of the internal umbilical remnant structures in standardbred foals","volume":"52","author":"Mccoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/Vsu.12695","article-title":"Surgical management and long-term outcome of umbilical infection in 65 foals (2010-2015)","volume":"46","author":"Oreff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/Evj.13021","article-title":"Short-term outcome and risk factors for post-operative complications following umbilical resection in 82 foals (2004-2016)","volume":"51","author":"Codina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1136\/Vr.103999","article-title":"Umbilical infections in foals: microbiological investigation and management","volume":"180","author":"Rampacci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.2460\/Javma.1984.185.12.1531","article-title":"Surgical management of umbilical masses with associated umbilical cord remnant infections in calves","volume":"185","author":"Trent","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1532-950x.1995.Tb01290.X","article-title":"A one-stage marsupialization procedure for management of infected umbilical vein remnants in calves and foals","volume":"24","author":"Edwards","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/J.Cveq.2021.11.004","article-title":"Urinary tract disorders of foals","volume":"38","author":"Denotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/Eve.13968","article-title":"Short- and long-term postoperative complications and outcomes after umbilical vein marsupialisation in 11 foals","volume":"37","author":"Obrochta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/Vsu.12433","article-title":"Surgical management of Omphalophlebitis and long term outcome in calves: 39 cases (2008-2013)","volume":"45","author":"Marchionatti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6274","DOI":"10.1002\/Ccr3.6274","article-title":"Hernia formation after single-stage umbilical vein marsupialization in three Percheron foals diagnosed with septic Omphalophlebitis","volume":"10","author":"Klein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Case Reports"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105045","DOI":"10.1016\/J.Jevs.2024.105045","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of factors associated with umbilical diseases in foals","volume":"135","author":"Perina","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Equine Vet 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