{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:49:48Z","timestamp":1782103788503,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n are important zoonotic parasites, yet their transmission dynamics in wildlife hosts on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau remain unclear. As a keystone species on the Plateau,\n Ochotona curzoniaes<\/jats:italic>\n overlap spatially with livestock and human activity areas and may serve as potential reservoir hosts for these pathogens. However, relevant molecular epidemiological data are currently lacking.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n To address this knowledge gap, the present study investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n in 114\n O. curzoniaes<\/jats:italic>\n collected from five townships in Zoige County, China, between March and December 2023. Intestinal contents and spleen samples were analyzed using nested PCR targeting\n Giardia bg<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n gdh<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n tpi<\/jats:italic>\n genes and\n Leishmania ITS-1<\/jats:italic>\n gene. Positive products were sequenced, followed by BLAST comparison and phylogenetic analysis for species identification and genotyping.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Results showed 50 samples were\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n -positive (43.9%), including 44\n bg<\/jats:italic>\n -positive and 14\n gdh<\/jats:italic>\n -positive samples, with eight samples positive for both genes. Five samples (4.39%) were positive for\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n . Significant differences in\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n prevalence among the five locations were observed, whereas\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n prevalence did not differ significantly. Phylogenetic analysis identified\n G. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n assemblage E (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f38),\n G. microti<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f6) based on\n bg<\/jats:italic>\n , and a potentially novel genotype, tentatively designated\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n sp. clone Z5 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f14) based on\n gdh<\/jats:italic>\n . All\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were identified as\n L. major<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f5).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n \n This study provides the first evidence of\n G. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n assemblage E,\n G. microti<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n sp. clone Z5, and\n L. major<\/jats:italic>\n in\n O. curzoniae<\/jats:italic>\n , highlighting their role as potential wildlife reservoirs and supporting ongoing surveillance and genotyping of zoonotic protozoa in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1855828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:37:38Z","timestamp":1782103058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual detection and novel genotypes of Giardia and Leishmania in Ochotona curzoniae from Zoige County, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Culinary and Food Science Engineering, Sichuan Tourism University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nian-Chun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of the Suining","place":["Suining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aba Prefecture Agricultural Science Research Institute","place":["Aba, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ri-hong","family":"Jike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province","place":["Xichang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Cai","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University","place":["Yibin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.06.004","article-title":"Giardia and 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