{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:58:30Z","timestamp":1792907910234,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (APP) remains a major respiratory pathogen in swine production worldwide. The limited cross-protection of available vaccines and the increasing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) highlight the need for integrated phenotypic and genomic surveillance to support effective local control strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve APP isolates previously collected in Piedmont (Italy) were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing against a panel of antimicrobials commonly used in swine medicine. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina technology, followed by resistome profiling and comparative genomic analyses. Virulence-associated genes, including apx toxin genes and capsular polysaccharide loci, were also characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Phenotypic testing revealed resistance to tetracycline, macrolides,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -lactams, tiamulin, and sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim in a subset of strains. Genomic analysis identified tetracycline- and phenicol-resistance genes (\n                      <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>flor<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in one isolate, while genes associated with macrolide and elfamycin resistance were widespread across the dataset. All isolates carried major apx toxin genes, with variable distribution of\n                      <jats:italic>apxII<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>apxIII<\/jats:italic>\n                      operons. A serovar 9\/11 isolate showed a partial deletion within the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus, confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Comparative genomics also suggested distinct genomic lineages among serovar 6 isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combined phenotypic and genomic approach provides valuable insights for evidence-based antimicrobial use and provides additional genomic information on clinically relevant APP field isolates and supports future studies on AMR and genomic diversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1861912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:21:46Z","timestamp":1786422106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in Piedmont, Italy, by whole-genome sequencing: insights into antimicrobial resistance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Cuccato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin","place":["Grugliasco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Chiesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin","place":["Grugliasco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin","place":["Grugliasco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Divari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin","place":["Grugliasco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Tiziana","family":"Cannizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin","place":["Grugliasco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276712","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1276712","article-title":"Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, surface proteins and virulence: a review","volume":"10","author":"Soto Perezchica","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12739","article-title":"Update on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae -knowledge, gaps and challenges","volume":"65","author":"Sassu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001483","article-title":"JMM profile: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: 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