{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:05:37Z","timestamp":1784005537876,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Goats constitute a fundamental component of the livestock sector in Egypt, contributing to rural livelihoods, food security, and national income. However, their productivity is increasingly affected by tick-borne diseases. Despite their importance, data on tick-borne pathogens affecting goats in Egypt are still lacking. Anaplasmosis and theileriosis are among the most important tick-borne diseases, posing serious threats to animal health and economic stability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This study investigated the microscopic and molecular detection of\n Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n species in goats from Upper Egypt. Initial screening was conducted by microscopic examination of stained blood smears to identify\n Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n infections. A total of 60 representative samples, comprising 30 samples for each pathogen, formed a subset based on the presence of high levels of intraerythrocytic infection observed in blood smears and were subjected to molecular analysis. PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene for\n Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n spp. and the 18S rRNA gene for\n Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n spp. was performed, followed by sequencing of a subset of representative samples showing the most specific and high-quality amplification products for genetic identification. Additionally, the association between pathogen detection frequency and risk factors was assessed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Interestingly, microscopic examination of blood smears from 210 goats revealed an overall detection rate of\n Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n species of 76.19% (160\/210; 95% confidence Intervals [CI]: 70.43\u201381.95). Specifically,\n Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n spp. were detected in 45.71% (96\/210; 95% CI: 38.98\u201352.45) of samples, whereas\n Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n spp. were detected in 30.48% (64\/210; 95% CI: 24.25\u201336.70). Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of\n Theileria orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Anaplasma capra<\/jats:italic>\n . Statistical analysis demonstrated significant associations between detection frequencies and age and sex. Adult goats (&gt;2\u202fyears) showed significantly higher detection of\n Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u202f=\u202f7.26,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.00742) and\n Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u202f=\u202f9.889,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.0016) compared with younger goats. Likewise, female goats exhibited significantly higher detection of\n Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u202f=\u202f6.55,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.01049) and\n Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u202f=\u202f6.519,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.01067) compared with male goats.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall, this study provides the first molecular evidence of these pathogens in goats in Egypt, including detection of the emerging zoonotic pathogen\n Anaplasma capra<\/jats:italic>\n . These findings highlight a potential risk to animal and public health and underscore the need for strengthened surveillance and targeted control strategies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1865200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:22:29Z","timestamp":1784002949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microscopic and molecular detection of Anaplasma and Theileria species in goats from Egypt, with the first report of the emerging zoonotic Anaplasma capra and Theileria orientalis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eman Sayed","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Qena University","place":["Qena, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Elshahawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Qena University","place":["Qena, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Fawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University","place":["Aswan, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa Mohamed","family":"Fawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Qena University","place":["Qena, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qwait","family":"AlGabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","place":["Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Asseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University","place":["Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal F.","family":"El-khadragy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Shukry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab Kotb","family":"Elmahallawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University","place":["Sohag, Egypt"]},{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Egypt Livestock and Products Annual Report (MY 2024). 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