{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:25:17Z","timestamp":1787117117715,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sepsis remains a significant clinical challenge characterized by complex inflammatory responses and hemodynamic instability, often modeled via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). This study investigated the cardiovascular impacts of various anesthetic protocols in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to abdominal sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Septic SHR were allocated into five anesthetic groups: ketamine-xylazine, fentanyl-diazepam, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine, ketamine-dexmedetomidine, and inhaled isoflurane (2\u20133%), alongside an unanesthetized septic control. Evaluations included electrocardiography, arterial blood pressure monitoring, blood gas analysis, biochemical profiling, mesenteric vascular reactivity, and histopathology of the heart, kidney, and aorta.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injectable combinations (ketamine-xylazine, fentanyl-diazepam, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine, and ketamine-dexmedetomidine) induced significant electrocardiographic alterations, hypotension, tissue hypoxia, increased oxidative stress, and elevated serum creatinine. Conversely, isoflurane-anesthetized rats maintained hemodynamic and biochemical stability, showing no significant deviations from the septic control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isoflurane demonstrated superior cardiovascular safety in hypertensive rats during sepsis-induced instability. These findings suggest that while isoflurane is the preferred anesthetic for this specific model, protocol selection must be tailored to the experimental context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1866908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T04:40:10Z","timestamp":1787114410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative analysis of anesthetic protocols in spontaneously hypertensive rats with sepsis-induced hemodynamic instability"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maria Alcione Silva","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Aparecida Macedo","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Ale Bertoncello","family":"Pael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Medina","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luiza Fidelis","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyner David Anaya","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Viana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Telma L\u00e9lia Gon\u00e7alves Schultz","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Marafon Souza","family":"F\u00e9liz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Grande Dourados (UNIGRAN)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia Beatriz B\u00fcrger","family":"Tinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University","place":["Umuarama, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Cappellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapy in Primary Health Care, Paranaense University","place":["Umuarama, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salviano Tramontin","family":"Bellettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University","place":["Umuarama, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emerson Luiz Botelho","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapy in Primary Health Care, Paranaense University","place":["Umuarama, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arquimedes","family":"Gasparotto Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD)","place":["Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-024-01765-w","article-title":"More efficient adaptation of cardiovascular response to repeated restraint in spontaneously hypertensive rats: the role of autonomic nervous system","volume":"47","author":"Vav\u0159\u00ednov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertens 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