{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:27:58Z","timestamp":1786512478527,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government","award":["RS-2022-NR072403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR072403"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government","award":["RS-2024-00356146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00356146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rays rarely develop neoplasia in nature, yet tumors have been repeatedly reported in captive individuals, suggesting environmental or species-specific factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We surgically removed the nasal fibroma under general anesthesia, followed by transcriptomic and histopathological analyses in a captive Javanese cownose ray (\n                      <jats:italic>Rhinoptera javanica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histopathology revealed a fibromatous lesion characterized by dense, mature collagen-rich fibrosis in the central core, accompanied by peripheral fibroinflammatory change, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, and inflammatory-cell infiltration. Exploratory transcriptomic profiling of the central fibrotic core provided complementary evidence of candidate remodeling-associated expression patterns, including increased mechanical-stimulus response and epithelial proliferation terms. Together, these findings support a plausible link between repeated surface contact and chronic injury-associated remodeling of the nasal tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that persistent mechanical stimulation in artificial environments may contribute to chronic fibrosis and fibroinflammatory tumor development. Together with the clinicopathological findings, the transcriptomic findings provide exploratory, hypothesis-generating support for a possible association between captivity-related mechanical stress and species-specific fibroma formation in the Javanese cownose ray.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1874543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:40:55Z","timestamp":1786509655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic mechanical irritation as a potential contributor to nasal fibroma formation in a captive Javanese cownose ray (Rhinoptera javanica)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ji-Hyung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University","place":["Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungwhan","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungwon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgingLab, Inc., UNIST","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong","family":"Bhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"AgingLab, Inc., UNIST","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hyeok","family":"Seok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macrophage Lab, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Wha","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University","place":["Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Macrophage Lab, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of 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