{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:16:46Z","timestamp":1784557006025,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-67015-39781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-67015-39781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver abscesses are a major economic concern in beef production, yet the relationship between therapeutic health events and liver abscess development remains poorly understood. This study evaluates how health diagnoses, therapeutic treatments, and the timing of these events across the production cycle relate to liver abscess prevalence in a large population of low-risk, crossbred beef cattle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Binary liver abscess phenotypes and lifetime treatment records were analyzed for 9,527 animals using generalized linear mixed models. Health events were summarized by diagnosis, treatment type, and antibiotic class during preweaning, feedlot, and lifetime phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although overall therapeutic antibiotic treatment was not associated with liver abscess development (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.10), specific antibiotic classes showed sex-dependent relationships. Steers treated with tulathromycin preweaning or at any time had a reduced risk of liver abscesses compared to untreated steers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.02). In contrast, no effect was detected in heifers. A sex-by-oxytetracycline interaction was also identified (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.01) but with no significant pairwise contrasts (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.10). Heifers diagnosed with infections, primarily infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, were less likely to have liver abscesses than heifers without infections (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that early-life health events, particularly preweaning antibiotic treatments, may have lasting effects on liver abscess susceptibility based on this observational study. Experimental research is needed to validate these results. The research highlights the need for mechanistic studies to clarify biological pathways and support the development of non-antimicrobial prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1875341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:43:12Z","timestamp":1784554992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective analysis of illness and liver abscesses in low-risk, crossbred beef cattle"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Bradford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture","place":["Clay Center, NE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry A.","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture","place":["Clay Center, NE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittney N.","family":"Keel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture","place":["Clay Center, NE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture","place":["Clay Center, NE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda K.","family":"Lindholm-Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture","place":["Clay Center, NE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2023-02498","article-title":"Liver abscesses\u2014new perspectives on a historic fed-cattle issue","volume":"40","author":"Broadway","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaf127","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf127","article-title":"Economic costs of liver abscesses in U.S. beef feedlot cattle: a comprehensive economic analysis","volume":"103","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2023-02482","article-title":"Relationship of liver abnormalities with carcass performance and value","volume":"40","author":"Grimes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.15232\/pas.2014-01364","article-title":"Control of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review","volume":"31","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prof Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761287x","article-title":"Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review","volume":"76","author":"Nagaraja","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txaf031","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaf031","article-title":"Association of Liver Abscess with demographic factors, gross pathology, and gastrointestinal histologic morphology in feedyard mortalities","volume":"9","author":"Champagne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2024-02574","article-title":"Targeted durations of tylosin phosphate on incidence and severity of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle","volume":"41","author":"Feitoza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txac140","article-title":"The effects of administering different metaphylactic antimicrobials on growth performance and health outcomes of high-risk, newly received feedlot steers","volume":"6","author":"Coppin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30226-6","article-title":"Comparative effects of therapeutic programs on bovine respiratory disease, performance, carcass, and profitability of high-risk feedlot heifers","volume":"29","author":"Stegner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prof Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txaf112","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaf112","article-title":"Association of bovine lung lesions at slaughter with carcass performance, value and liver-abscess severity","volume":"9","author":"Grimes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-0161","article-title":"Breed effects and genetic parameter estimates for calving difficulty and birth weight in a multibreed population","volume":"94","author":"Ahlberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaf048","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf048","article-title":"Breed-specific heterosis for growth and carcass traits in 18 U.S. cattle breeds","volume":"103","author":"Engle","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"A \"Genetics First\" Approach to Selection. Proceedings World Congress on Genetics Applied in Livestock Production","author":"Bennett","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9887","article-title":"Genomewide association study of liver abscess in beef cattle","volume":"94","author":"Keele","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Liver-Check","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using Lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification","volume":"19","author":"Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Autom Control"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Dharma: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi-Level\/Mixed) Regression Models. R Package Version 0.4.7","author":"Hartig","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"2007","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics","author":"Abdi","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, Aka Least-Squares Means. R Package Version 1.11.2","author":"Lenth","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2307\/3001913","article-title":"Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance","volume":"5","author":"Tukey","year":"1949","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00027-0","article-title":"The effects of hormones on sex differences in infection: from genes to behavior","volume":"24","author":"Klein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txag053","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txag053","article-title":"Seasonal relationship between liver abscesses and feeding behavior in crossbred beef cattle","volume":"10","author":"Bradford","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.21423\/bpj20269280","article-title":"Comparing initial antimicrobial treatments for bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle following tulathromycin metaphylaxis","volume":"60","author":"McAtee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bovine Pract"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.21423\/bovine-vol56no1p53-59","article-title":"An evaluation of arrival metaphylaxis with enrofloxacin compared to tulathromycin in feedlot cattle at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease in Mexico","volume":"56","author":"Burciaga-Robles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bov Pract"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.11.1193","article-title":"Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and distribution of tulathromycin in interstitial and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid in healthy calves","volume":"79","author":"Mzyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11723","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-18044","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial to assess the effect of antibiotic therapy on health and growth of Preweaned dairy calves diagnosed with respiratory disease using respiratory scoring and lung ultrasound","volume":"103","author":"Binversie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14192807","article-title":"Bovine respiratory disease (Brd) in post-weaning calves with different prevention strategies and the impact on performance and health status","volume":"14","author":"Madureira Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4950","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5067","article-title":"The effect of respiratory disease and a preventative antibiotic treatment on growth, survival, age at first calving, and milk production of dairy heifers","volume":"95","author":"Stanton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122512","article-title":"Determining the effect of varied proportions of cohort administered tulathromycin at arrival on nasopharyngeal microbiota and performance characteristics in yearling steers in the first 56 days on feed","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0696-4","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment in feedlot cattle: a longitudinal study of the effect of oxytetracycline and tulathromycin on the Fecal and nasopharyngeal microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Holman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0219635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219635","article-title":"Effects of treatment with enrofloxacin or tulathromycin on Fecal microbiota composition and genetic function of dairy calves","volume":"14","author":"Foditsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.02.026","article-title":"Effect of prophylactic use of tulathromycin on gut bacterial populations, inflammatory profile and Diarrhea in newborn Holstein calves","volume":"136","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01715","article-title":"Investigating effects of tulathromycin Metaphylaxis on the Fecal Resistome and microbiome of commercial feedlot cattle early in the feeding period","volume":"9","author":"Doster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2022.07.001","article-title":"Antimicrobial and biological methods to control liver abscesses","volume":"38","author":"Theurer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030470","article-title":"Short-term impact of oxytetracycline administration on the Fecal microbiome, Resistome and virulome of grazing cattle","volume":"12","author":"Rovira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-8030","article-title":"Feeding behavior as an early predictor of bovine respiratory disease in north American feedlot systems","volume":"93","author":"Wolfger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0530","article-title":"Changes in feeding behavior as possible indicators for the automatic monitoring of health disorders in dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.06.006","article-title":"Impact of nutrition on lameness and claw health in cattle","volume":"156","author":"Lean","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761275x","article-title":"Acidosis in cattle: a review","volume":"76","author":"Owens","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2023-02471","article-title":"Association of liver-abscess presence and severity with trim loss, slaughter yield, carcass grading performance, lung lesions, and value of fed-Holsteins","volume":"40","author":"Herrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2024-02553","article-title":"Summary of the special issue on liver abscesses in cattle and thoughts on future research","volume":"40","author":"Hales","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky406","article-title":"Heterosis in cattle crossbreeding schemes in tropical regions: Meta-analysis of effects of breed combination, trait type, and climate on level of heterosis","volume":"97","author":"Bunning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2021-02228","article-title":"Exploratory observational quantification of liver abscess incidence, specific to region and cattle type, and their associations to viscera value and bacterial flora","volume":"38","author":"Herrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txaf118","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaf118","article-title":"A commercial scale evaluation of the effects of post-weaning management system of dairy \u00d7 beef hybrid steers compared to native beef steers on performance, carcass characteristics, and net returns","volume":"9","author":"Grote","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1875341\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1784554994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1875341\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2026.1875341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1875341","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"article-number":"1875341"}}