{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:46:21Z","timestamp":1785818781375,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    As important vectors of infectious diseases such as plague, fleas require accurate classification and phylogenetic analysis, which are essential for public health prevention and control. However, complete mitochondrial genome resources for Siphonaptera in public databases are still extremely scarce. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of\n                    <jats:italic>C. dolabris<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>O. silantiewi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , collected from the high-altitude region in Qinghai Province, were sequenced and characterized for the first time using next-generation sequencing technology. The results showed the two mitogenomes were 17,104 bp and 15,914 bp in length, respectively. Both mitogenomes exhibited significant A+T bias and a strong preference for A\/U-ending codons. Selective pressure analysis (Ka\/Ks) indicated that mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) of fleas are predominantly under purifying selection. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on 39 mitogenomic sequences from 36 flea species revealed that Ceratophylloidea was robustly supported as monophyletic. At the family level, neither Ceratophyllidae nor Leptopsyllidae formed a strictly monophyletic group in the present dataset. Pulicidae was recovered as a well-supported monophyletic clade. Both newly sequenced species were placed within Ceratophyllidae. This study not only expands the available mitogenomic resources for Siphonaptera, but also provides new insights into nucleotide composition patterns and phylogenetic relationships within the order.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1876060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:26:50Z","timestamp":1785817610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New mitogenomic evidence for the phylogeny of Siphonaptera: insights from Callopsylla dolabris and Oropsylla silantiewi"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wendi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingna","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobo","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases of Yunnan Provincial Education Department","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]},{"name":"The Clinical Medical Sub-Center of Infectious Diseases of Yunnan Province","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-026-00366-6","article-title":"Neglected flea-borne diseases in the americas: current epidemiology, ecological determinants, and one health challenges","volume":"13","author":"Urdapilleta","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00044-19","article-title":"Yersinia pestis: the natural history of plague","author":"Barbieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8196","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110585109","article-title":"Identification of Chinese plague foci from long-term epidemiological data","volume":"109","author":"Ben-Ari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10171-y","article-title":"High genetic diversity of the himalayan marmot relative to plague outbreaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Genomics."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006859","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006859","article-title":"Infectious blood source alters early foregut infection and regurgitative transmission of Yersinia pestis by rodent fleas","volume":"14","author":"Bland","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0011317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011317","article-title":"Associations between ecological diversity and rodent plague circulation in Yunnan Province, China, 1983-2020: a data-informed modelling study","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2008.00211.x","article-title":"A molecular phylogeny of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera): origins and host associations","volume":"24","author":"Whiting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cladistics."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1134\/S0013873820010054","article-title":"Diversity of fleas, vectors of plague pathogens: the flea oropsylla silantiewi (Wagner, 1898) (Siphonaptera, Ceratophyllidae)","volume":"100","author":"Medvedev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Entomol Rev."},{"key":"B9","article-title":"A brief review on ecological traits of natural plague foci associated with himalayan marmots, Qinghai Province","author":"Tang X","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Control Endem Dis."},{"key":"B10","article-title":"A review of sixty years of research on flea fauna from the Qinghai Plateau","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Control Endem Dis."},{"key":"B11","article-title":"Overview of research on Callopsylla dolabris","author":"Liu","year":"2018"},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Current and future potential distribution of suitable habitats of Callopsylla dolabris: Prediction based on MaxEnt model","author":"Qi J","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Vector Biol Control."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0047","article-title":"Plague in mongolia","volume":"10","author":"Galdan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"601","article-title":"Study on the natural foci of Marmota himalayana plague in Sichuan province","volume":"30","author":"Wang L","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/153096b0","article-title":"A handbook for the identification of insects of medical importance","volume":"153","author":"IMMS","year":"1944","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1134\/S0013873806040117","article-title":"Classification of flea families (Siphonaptera): I. family hystrichopsyllidae (first part)","volume":"86","author":"Medvedev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Entomol Rev."},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"Fauna Sinica, 2nd Edn","author":"Wu","year":"2007"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374144-8.00245-9","article-title":"Siphonaptera: (Fleas)","author":"Hastriter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd Edn"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28316","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79492-y","article-title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of rodents parasitic fleas in southeastern China with description of a new subspecies of Ctenophthalmus breviprojiciens","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-112408-085432","article-title":"Integrative taxonomy: a multisource approach to exploring biodiversity","volume":"55","author":"Schlick-Steiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-013024-015553","article-title":"Insect mitochondrial genomics: a decade of progress","volume":"70","author":"Cameron","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/99.4.1037","article-title":"Standard percent DNA sequence difference for insects does not predict species boundaries","volume":"99","author":"Cognato","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17010054","article-title":"Deciphering morphological variability: addressing taxonomic ambiguities in contemporary species delimitation (hymenoptera, figitidae)","volume":"17","author":"Ferrer-Suay","year":"2026","journal-title":"Insects."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70078","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.70078","article-title":"fastp 1.0: An ultra-fast all-round tool for FASTQ data quality control and preprocessing","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"iMeta."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comput Biol J Comput Mol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02153-6","article-title":"systematic comparison of chloroplast genome assembly tools","volume":"21","author":"Freudenthal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv383","article-title":"Bandage: interactive visualization of de novo genome assemblies","volume":"31","author":"Wick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112963","article-title":"Pilon: an integrated tool for comprehensive microbial variant detection and genome assembly improvement","volume":"9","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.08.023","article-title":"MITOS: improved de novo metazoan mitochondrial genome annotation","volume":"69","author":"Bernt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti054","article-title":"Circular genome visualization and exploration using CGView","volume":"21","author":"Stothard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinforma Oxf Engl."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13096","article-title":"PhyloSuite: an integrated and scalable desktop platform for streamlined molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.87","article-title":"Using PhyloSuite for molecular phylogeny and tree-based analyses","volume":"2","author":"Xiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"iMeta."},{"key":"B34","unstructured":"Vienna\n          R Foundation for Statistical Computing\n          R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing [Internet]\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B35","unstructured":"Wickham\n              H\n            \n            \n              Fran\u00e7ois\n              R\n            \n            \n              Henry\n              L\n            \n            \n              M\u00fcller\n              K\n            \n            \n              Vaughan\n              D\n            \n          \n          dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation [Internet]\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B36","unstructured":"Wickham\n              H\n            \n            \n              Vaughan\n              D\n            \n            \n              Girlich\n              M\n            \n          \n          tidyr: Tidy Messy Data [Internet]\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B37","unstructured":"Pedersen\n              TL\n            \n          \n          patchwork: The Composer of Plots [Internet]\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B38","unstructured":"Wickham\n              H\n            \n            \n              Bryan\n              J\n            \n          \n          readxl: Read Excel Files [Internet]\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis [Internet]","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2021.12.002","article-title":"KaKs_Calculator 3.0: calculating selective pressure on coding and non-coding sequences","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx248","article-title":"DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets","volume":"34","author":"Rozas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029","article-title":"MrBayes 32: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space","volume":"61","author":"Ronquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst Biol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150701472164","article-title":"Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments","volume":"56","author":"Talavera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Syst Biol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285","article-title":"ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates","volume":"14","author":"Kalyaanamoorthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218488","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1218488","article-title":"Complete mitogenomes characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Ceratophyllus anisus and Leptopsylla segnis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/290470a0","article-title":"tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria","volume":"290","author":"Ojala","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.8.1767","article-title":"Animal mitochondrial genomes","volume":"27","author":"Boore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-025-01051-w","article-title":"The evolution of the order siphonaptera inferred from the first mitogenome of the family pygiopsyllidae","volume":"70","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2017.1347901","article-title":"The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Dorcadia ioffi (Siphonaptera: Vermipsyllidae)","volume":"2","author":"Xiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resour."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2022.2053367","article-title":"The complete mitochondrial genome of the flea Hystrichopsylla weida qinlingensis (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsylla)","volume":"8","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Part B."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2020.1823259","article-title":"The complete mitochondrial genome of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis","volume":"5","author":"Verhoeve","year":"2020"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84175-9","article-title":"The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic implications of Paradoxopsyllus custodis and Stenischia montanis yunlongensis","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07977-0","article-title":"Complete mitochondrial genomes of Anopheles stephensi and An. dirus and comparative evolutionary mitochondriomics of 50 mosquitoes","volume":"7","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785674","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1785674","article-title":"Mitochondrial genomes of two subspecies of Citellophilus tesquorum: Insights into the molecular evolution and phylogenetic analysis within Siphonaptera","volume":"13","author":"Duan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62066-5","article-title":"Animal mitochondrial DNA: structure and evolution","volume":"141","author":"Wolstenholme","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558328","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1558328","article-title":"The complete mitochondrial genomes of Macrostylophora euteles and Citellophilus tesquorum sungaris and the phylogenetics of known Siphonaptera mitogenomes","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16030467","article-title":"Comparative mitogenomics of Channa pyrophthalmus unveils orogeny-driven speciation and lineage-specific adaptive evolution in snakeheads","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494204","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1494204","article-title":"Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of the subfamily Amphipsyllinae based on the Frontopsylla diqingensis mitogenome","volume":"11","author":"Pu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683581","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1683581","article-title":"Mitogenomic architecture and phylogenetic placement of Ctenophthalmus yunnanus and Frontopsylla diqingensis: insights from comparative genomics","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69203-y","article-title":"The first mitogenome of the subfamily Stenoponiinae (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) and implications for its phylogenetic position","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06329-y","article-title":"The complete mitochondrial genome of the rodent flea Nosopsyllus laeviceps: genome description, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic implications","volume":"17","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zlaf042","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaf042","article-title":"A molecular phylogeny of Ceratophyllomorpha (Insecta: Siphonaptera): geographical distribution, origins, and host associations","volume":"204","author":"Zurita","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zool J Linn Soc."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.04.027","article-title":"Fleas (Siphonaptera) are Cretaceous, and evolved with Theria","volume":"90","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-0233-0","article-title":"Phylogenetic tree building in the genomic age","volume":"21","author":"Kapli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg028","article-title":"Bayes or bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of bayesian markov chain monte carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence","volume":"20","author":"Alfaro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1876060\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:26:53Z","timestamp":1785817613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1876060\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2026.1876060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1876060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"article-number":"1876060"}}