{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:16:57Z","timestamp":1788239817128,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This investigation was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a microencapsulated essential oils (MEOs) blend and marine calcareous algae (Marine Cal-Algae) to counteract experimentally induced ruminal acidosis (RA) in lambs by evaluating animal performance, hematological indices, general health condition, inflammatory markers, rumen fermentation milieu, and animal behavior. This study was performed on 45 yearling rams weighing 30\u201335 kg, randomly assigned to five experimental groups (nine lambs\/group with three replicates for each), as follows: a control (healthy lambs) group and four induced RA groups. These included an untreated RA group and three treated groups receiving either essential oils (MEOs), marine calcareous algae, or a combination of both treatments. All treatment regimens lasted for 6 days after RA induction. The results revealed that skin turgor, blood capillary refill time, respiratory and pulse rates were significantly increased, while ruminal motility was significantly reduced after RA induction. Notably, the combined MEOs\u2013marine calcareous algae treatment restored these parameters, markedly lowering skin turgor, capillary refill time, and respiratory and pulse rates while improving ruminal motility to near-control values. In addition, RA reduced lysozyme and myeloperoxidase (MPO) values, while nitric oxide (NO), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased. Conversely, treatment with both MEOs and marine calcareous algae mitigated these effects. Lactic acidosis decreased rumen pH, protozoa activity, and acetate:propionate ratio but increased lactate and total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs), while dual MEO-marine algae treatment reversed these shifts. Stress responses in the open field test (OFT) escalated post-acidosis (\u2191escapes, beats, latency; \u2193exploratory sniffing), indicating heightened anxiety that was substantially attenuated by MEOs-marine algae intervention. Therefore, MEOs and marine calcareous algae supplementation can help veterinarians treat lambs with RA and promote faster recovery through natural interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1877156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:26:49Z","timestamp":1788236809000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive improvement of induced ruminal acidosis in lambs: targeted microencapsulated essential oils and marine algae restore rumen function, systemic health, immunity, and welfare"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Asmaa T. Y.","family":"Kishawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioan","family":"Pet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animals Resources, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara","place":["Timisoara, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghadeer A.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayza A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Saed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mansoura University","place":["Mansoura, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Moharam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mansoura University","place":["Mansoura, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa S.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behaviour and Animal Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University","place":["Mansoura, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirela","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animals Resources, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara","place":["Timisoara, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabi","family":"Dumitrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animals Resources, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara","place":["Timisoara, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab F.","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig Scientific and Medical Research Center (ZSMRC), Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdelfattah-Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University","place":["Ibra, Oman"]},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherief Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Raheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14142061","article-title":"Subacute rumen acidosis in Greek dairy sheep: prevalence, impact and colorimetry management","volume":"14","author":"Voulgarakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081495","article-title":"The role of rumen microbiota and its metabolites in subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA)-induced inflammatory diseases of ruminants","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10066","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24817","article-title":"Invited review: ruminal acidosis and its definition\u2014A critical review","volume":"107","author":"Golder","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-644","article-title":"Invited review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation","volume":"90","author":"Calsamiglia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12636","article-title":"The effects of thyme and cinnamon essential oils on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein calves consuming high concentrate diet","volume":"26","author":"Vakili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.014","article-title":"A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production","volume":"145","author":"Benchaar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1021\/jf504761m","article-title":"Effect of some essential oils on phagocytosis and complement system activity","volume":"63","author":"Perez-Roses","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2012.07.001","article-title":"Plant bioactive compounds in ruminant agriculture\u2013Impacts and opportunities","volume":"176","author":"Salem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.12.103","article-title":"Critical evaluation of essential oils as rumen modifiers in ruminant nutrition: a review","volume":"545","author":"Cobellis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00584","article-title":"Role of secondary plant metabolites on enteric methane mitigation in ruminants","volume":"7","author":"Ku-Vera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2005.03.008","article-title":"Screening for effects of plant extracts and active compounds of plants on dairy cattle rumen microbial fermentation in a continuous culture system","volume":"123","author":"Busquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres16120251","article-title":"Impact of an essential-oil-based oral rinse on oral and gut microbiota diversity: a pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Bona","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082390","article-title":"Blend of essential oils supplemented alone or combined with exogenous amylase compared with virginiamycin supplementation on finishing lambs: performance, dietary energetics, carcass traits, and nutrient digestion","volume":"11","author":"Estrada-Angulo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15192910","article-title":"Complementary effects of essential oils and organic acids on rumen physiology as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives","volume":"15","author":"Nhara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3505","article-title":"Effects of essential oils on rumen fermentation, milk production, and feeding behavior in lactating dairy cows","volume":"94","author":"Tager","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3390\/dairy4030033","article-title":"Essential oil supplementation in small ruminants: a review on their possible role in rumen fermentation, microbiota, and animal production","volume":"4","author":"Caroprese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dairy."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934578X251410059","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X251410059","article-title":"Influence of dietary clove oil supplementation on proximate constituents, in vitro ruminal fermentation efficiency and microbial composition","volume":"21","author":"Idowu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204711","article-title":"Antibacterial, antifungal, antimycotoxigenic, and antioxidant activities of essential oils: an updated review","volume":"25","author":"Mutlu-Ingok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14091730","article-title":"Microencapsulation of essential oils: a review","volume":"14","author":"Sousa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824001","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.824001","article-title":"Diet type impacts production performance of fattening lambs by manipulating the ruminal microbiota and metabolome","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.21608\/aasj.2024.287109.1165","article-title":"Effect of supplement some feed additives to mitigate the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in fatting calves on performance, rumen fermentation activity, and some blood parameters","volume":"7","author":"Abd-El Razek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Agric Sci J."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2025.116356","article-title":"Effects of calcareous marine algae on performance, rumen fermentation and methane emissions of high-yielding dairy cows","volume":"325","author":"Garnsworthy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.als.2016.11.006","article-title":"Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and its consequence in dairy cattle: a review of past and recent research at global prospective","volume":"10","author":"Abdela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Achiev Life Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2021.115042","article-title":"Effects of yeasts on rumen bacterial flora, abnormal metabolites, and blood gas in sheep with induced subacute ruminal acidosis","volume":"280","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.10.025","article-title":"Behavioural and physiological responses of lambs to controllable vs. uncontrollable aversive events","volume":"34","author":"Greiveldinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13233701","article-title":"Effects of rumen fermentation characteristics on stress-related hormones and behavior in sheep","volume":"13","author":"Qianrige","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Essentials of Veterinary Hematology, Comparative Hematology of Common Domestic Animals","author":"Jain","year":"1993"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-4648(06)80033-1","article-title":"Yeast glucan induces increase in lysozyme and complement-mediated haemolytic activity in Atlantic salmon blood","volume":"2","author":"Engstad","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"345","article-title":"C-reactive protein and the acute phase response","volume":"27","author":"Gewurz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv Intern Med."},{"key":"B30","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Electrochemical NO sensors and their applications in biomedical research. Biomedical Significance of Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(97)00048-2","article-title":"A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of bovine neutrophil primary granules","volume":"58","author":"Quade","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol."},{"key":"B32","volume-title":"Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats","author":"Constable","year":"2016"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2003036","article-title":"Ruminal fermentative parameters and blood acido-basic balance changes during the onset and recovery of induced latent acidosis in sheep","volume":"52","author":"Brossard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4067\/S0719-81322017000300139","article-title":"Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control","volume":"49","author":"Jaramillo-L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Austral J Vet Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02506","article-title":"Rumen bacteria communities and performances of fattening lambs with a lower or greater subacute ruminal acidosis risk","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.06.003","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment. Digestive disorders of the forestomach","volume":"33","author":"Snyder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5595475","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5595475","article-title":"Induced ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep treated with various remedial agents in Libo Kemkem districts, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"2024","author":"Abebaw","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Med Int."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2014.03.004","article-title":"D-lactic acidosis in neonatal ruminants","volume":"30","author":"Lorenz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Clin."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2147\/VMRR.S396979","article-title":"Effectiveness of probiotic and combinations of probiotic with prebiotics and probiotic with rumenotorics in experimentally induced ruminal acidosis sheep","author":"Dagnaw Fenta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7556","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16294","article-title":"Potential for a localized immune response by the ruminal epithelium in nonpregnant heifers following a short-term subacute ruminal acidosis challenge","volume":"102","author":"Kent-Dennis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2020.106187","article-title":"Hemogasometry, cardiac biomarkers and blood metabolites in goats with experimentally induced acute ruminal lactic acidosis","volume":"191","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.26873\/SVR-1552-2022","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of different rumen buffers on prevention of ruminal acidosis in goats","volume":"60","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Slovenian Vet Res."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"1512","volume-title":"Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats","author":"Blood","year":"2007"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"1527","article-title":"Lactic acidosis in goats: prevalence, intra-ruminal and haematological investigations","volume":"23","author":"Mahmood","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Plant Sci."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"256","article-title":"Effect of severity of acidosis on ruminal activity in goats","volume":"41","author":"Ram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7594","article-title":"Experimental acute rumen acidosis in sheep: consequences on clinical, rumen, and gastrointestinal permeability conditions and blood chemistry","volume":"92","author":"Minuti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"887","article-title":"Haematobiochemical changes during medicinal and surgical treatment in clinical goats affected with acute ruminal acidosis","volume":"6","author":"Bhagavantappa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharma Innov."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119002799","article-title":"Effect of altering ruminal pH by dietary buffer supplementation on methane emissions from sheep fed forage rape","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.114045","article-title":"Essential oils in animal diets to improve the fatty acids composition of meat and milk quality in ruminant","volume-title":"Essential Oils-Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications","author":"Khattab","year":"2024"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11010086","article-title":"Opportunities offered by plant bioactive compounds to improve silage quality, animal health and product quality for sustainable ruminant production: a review","volume":"11","author":"Niderkorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agronomy."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022","article-title":"Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods\u2014a review","volume":"94","author":"Burt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.112875","article-title":"Incubation temperature and satiety influence general locomotor and exploratory behaviors in the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)","volume":"220","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172522","article-title":"Effects of high-grain diet on performance, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbial flora of lactating Holstein dairy cows","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96580-5","article-title":"Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and rumen bacterial composition in Angus cows","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2298\/BAH1404647Z","article-title":"Clinical, haematobiochemical and ruminal changes during the onset and recovery of induced lactic acidosis in sheep","volume":"30","author":"Zein-Eldin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol Anim Husb."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.5455\/ijlr.20170716012034","article-title":"Studies on rumen fluid analysis in ruminal acidotic goats","volume":"7","author":"Padmaja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Livest Res."},{"key":"B57","first-page":"1502","article-title":"Efficacy of different therapeutic regimens for simple indigestion in sheep","volume":"5","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Entomol Zool Stud."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"1773","article-title":"Ruminal lactic acidosis and its haematobiochemical alterations in free ranging goats","volume":"9","author":"Saravanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Entomol Zool Stud."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470752425","volume-title":"Clinical Examination of Farm","author":"Jackson","year":"2002"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587098","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1587098","article-title":"Assessment of an integrated therapeutic protocol for sheep with acute ruminal impaction: diagnostic and prognostic significance of rumen functions and hepatorenal biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Elmeligy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.17221\/180\/2022-CJAS","article-title":"Using precision livestock farming for dairy herd management","volume":"68","author":"Lou\u010dka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Czech J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.21608\/javs.2025.390875.1633","article-title":"Effect of different dietary buffer sources and roughage-to-concentrate ratios on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and health status of growing lambs","volume":"10","author":"El-Katcha","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Appl Vet Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01305","article-title":"The regulation of ruminal short-chain fatty acids on the functions of rumen barriers","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595615","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1595615","article-title":"Rumen acidosis in ruminants: a review of the effects of high-concentrate diets and the potential modulatory role of rumen foam","volume":"12","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0272310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272310","article-title":"Effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil on rumen enzyme activity, microbiome, and metabolites in lambs","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010195","article-title":"Ruminal lipopolysaccharides analysis: uncharted waters with promising signs","volume":"11","author":"Sarmikasoglou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-021-09739-3","article-title":"Essential oils and phytogenic feed additives in ruminant diet: chemistry, ruminal microbiota and fermentation, feed utilization and productive performance","volume":"20","author":"Kholif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytochem Rev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1877156\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:26:52Z","timestamp":1788236812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1877156\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2026.1877156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1877156","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"1877156"}}