{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:15:02Z","timestamp":1783530902247,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Wildlife trafficking exposes parrots to stressful conditions that favor the transmission of infectious pathogens, including\n Salmonella pullorum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n . This study aimed to investigate seroreactivity against these pathogens and to evaluate the associated clinical, morphological, biochemical, metabolic, and hematological alterations in\n Amazona aestiva<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Amazona amazonica<\/jats:italic>\n parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty-nine parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking were subjected to physical examination, morphological evaluation, hematological and biochemical analyses, and Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) testing for antibodies against\n M. gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. pullorum<\/jats:italic>\n . Statistical comparisons were performed between reactive and non-reactive groups to identify laboratory alterations associated with seroreactivity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Seroreactivity to\n M. gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n was observed in 21.73% of A. aestiva and 14.3% of A. amazonica. For S. pullorum, 36.4% (8\/22; 95% CI: 16.3\u201356.6%) of A. aestiva and 28.6% (2\/7; 95% CI: 3.7\u201371.0%) of A. amazonica tested positive. Birds reactive to\n S. pullorum<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited significantly lower total protein concentrations, whereas\n M. gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n -reactive birds showed significantly lower leukocyte counts and higher glucose concentrations. Significant differences were also observed in calcium and sodium concentrations among groups. Reactive birds presented clinical alterations compatible with gastrointestinal and respiratory involvement, as well as changes in body condition and feather quality.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n \n The findings indicate that parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking and reactive to\n S. pullorum<\/jats:italic>\n or\n M. gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n may exhibit important clinical and laboratory alterations suggestive of multisystemic impairment. As the RSA test detects circulating agglutinating antibodies without distinguishing immunoglobulin classes or confirming active infection, positive results should be interpreted as evidence of previous exposure and immune response rather than current infection. Nevertheless, the findings reinforce the importance of sanitary surveillance, screening programs, and appropriate clinical management in wildlife rehabilitation centers to support animal health, conservation efforts, and prevention of pathogen dissemination.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1886000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:26:42Z","timestamp":1783528002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of Salmonella pullorum and Mycoplasma gallisepticum by rapid plate serology in parrots victims of wildlife trafficking in the state of Para\u00edba"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Audisio Alves da Costa","family":"Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba","place":["Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Para\u00edba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenisson Ferreira","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Management, Superintendence of Environmntal Administration of the State of Para\u00edba (SUDEMA)","place":["Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Para\u00edba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adalberto","family":"de Menezes Melo Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Management, Superintendence of Environmntal Administration of the State of Para\u00edba (SUDEMA)","place":["Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Para\u00edba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Romulo Soares","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba","place":["Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Para\u00edba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur Willian","family":"de Lima Brasil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba","place":["Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Para\u00edba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Passeriform Birds Originating From Illegal Trade Seizures at the Wild Animal Management and Conservation Center (CeMacas)","author":"Secall","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2021.102551","article-title":"International wildlife trafficking: a perspective on the challenges and potential forensic genetics 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