{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:27:21Z","timestamp":1787149641198,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hendra virus (HeV) is a highly lethal zoonotic\n                    <jats:italic>henipavirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    that has caused recurrent cross-species spillover events in Australia since 1994. Its capacity for cross-species spillover, together with its tropism for vascular endothelial and neural tissues, makes HeV important to veterinary medicine and public health. Flying foxes are the natural reservoir hosts, and horses act as intermediate and amplifying hosts through which all confirmed human infections have occurred. Detection of antibodies and viral RNA from related\n                    <jats:italic>henipaviruses<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Southeast Asian bats indicates regional\n                    <jats:italic>henipavirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    diversity and a possible broader\n                    <jats:italic>henipavirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spillover risk, but does not demonstrate HeV circulation or transmission in Southeast Asia. Human HeV infection is rare but can cause severe respiratory and neurological disease. From a veterinary-oriented One Health perspective, this review integrates current evidence on viral biology, transmission, clinical disease, diagnostics, animal models, equine vaccination, and clinical-stage vaccines and antibody-based interventions, with particular attention to HeV-g2-associated diagnostic challenges and the role of equine vaccination in reducing occupational exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1889103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T13:52:15Z","timestamp":1787147535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hendra virus: research progress on a bat-borne threat lurking at the human-animal interface"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan","place":["Dali, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menghan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan","place":["Dali, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan","place":["Dali, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Dali University","place":["Dali, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan","place":["Dali, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450114888131204163210","article-title":"The RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase, an emerging antiviral drug target for the Hendra virus","volume":"15","author":"Velkov","year":"2014","journal-title":"CDT."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9972","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.21.9972-9979.2000","article-title":"The exceptionally large genome of Hendra virus: support for creation of a new genus within the family paramyxoviridae","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.011","article-title":"The pandemic potential of Nipah virus","volume":"100","author":"Luby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Nipah virus disease - India"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2202705","article-title":"A zoonotic Henipa virus in febrile patients in China","volume":"387","author":"Zhang XA Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2025.101643","article-title":"Langya henipavirus (LayV) as an emerging zoonotic disease: a mini-review","volume":"68","author":"Shafaati","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7701348","article-title":"Morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans","volume":"268","author":"Murray","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0014138","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014138","article-title":"Three decades of discovery: An overview of Hendra virus, the original Henipavirus","volume":"20","author":"Halpin","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2020.100207","article-title":"Hendra virus: epidemiology dynamics in relation to climate change, diagnostic tests and control measures","volume":"12","author":"Yuen","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Health."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01652-7","article-title":"A new Hendra virus genotype found in Australian flying foxes","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00770","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00770-25","article-title":"The intracellular virus-host interface of henipaviruses","volume":"99","author":"Tripp","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2803.211245","article-title":"Novel Hendra virus variant detected by sentinel surveillance of horses in Australia","volume":"28","author":"Annand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11758.x","article-title":"A fatal case of Hendra virus infection in a horse in north Queensland: clinical and epidemiological features","volume":"78","author":"Field","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust Veterinary J."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126050.x","article-title":"Infection of humans and horses by a newly described morbillivirus","volume":"162","author":"Selvey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1323","article-title":"Hendra and Nipah viruses: different and dangerous","volume":"4","author":"Eaton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2019.1580827","article-title":"Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies \u2013 a comprehensive review","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Q."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1611.100501","article-title":"Genome sequence conservation of hendra virus isolates during spillover to horses, Australia","volume":"16","author":"Marsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081913","article-title":"The intrinsically disordered w protein is multifunctional during henipavirus infection, disrupting host signalling pathways and nuclear import","volume":"9","author":"Tsimbalyuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11842","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11842-11845.2003","article-title":"Hendra virus V protein inhibits interferon signaling by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 nuclear accumulation","volume":"77","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2000.0508","article-title":"Hendra (equine morbillivirus)","volume":"160","author":"Barclay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1435","article-title":"Structural basis of Nipah and Hendra virus attachment to their cell-surface receptor ephrin-B2","volume":"15","author":"Bowden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1158","article-title":"Functional expression and membrane fusion tropism of the envelope glycoproteins of hendra virus","volume":"290","author":"Bossart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virology."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10652","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504887102","article-title":"Ephrin-B2 ligand is a functional receptor for hendra virus and nipah virus","volume":"102","author":"Bonaparte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061302","article-title":"Henipavirus matrix protein employs a non-classical nuclear localization signal binding mechanism","volume":"15","author":"Donnelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00143","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00143-18","article-title":"Electrostatic interactions between hendra virus matrix proteins are required for efficient virus-like-particle assembly","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003631","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003631","article-title":"Atomic resolution description of the interaction between the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein of hendra virus","volume":"9","author":"Communie","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2012_211","article-title":"Molecular Virology of the Henipaviruses","author":"Rota","year":"2012"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048742","article-title":"New insights into the hendra virus attachment and entry process from structures of the virus g glycoprotein and its complex with ephrin-B2","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3648","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Hendra and Nipah virus infection in humans","volume":"7","author":"Escaffre","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01372","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01372-23","article-title":"Prefusion stabilization of the Hendra and Langya virus F proteins","volume":"98","author":"Byrne","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10928","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01108-10","article-title":"Side chain packing below the fusion peptide strongly modulates triggering of the Hendra virus F protein","volume":"84","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05459.x","article-title":"Crystal structures of Nipah and Hendra virus fusion core proteins","volume":"273","author":"Lou","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B33","unstructured":""},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.11.009","article-title":"Hendra virus: an update on diagnosis, vaccination, and biosecurity protocols for horses","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2022.100423","article-title":"Novel variant Hendra virus genotype 2 infection in a horse in the greater Newcastle region, New South Wales, Australia","volume":"15","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"One Health."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99965","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099965","article-title":"Flying-fox species density - a spatial risk factor for hendra virus infection in horses in eastern Australia","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1071\/MA20003","article-title":"The dynamic landscape of bat borne zoonotic viruses in Australia","volume":"41","author":"Halpin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol Aust."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0522","article-title":"et al. Urban habituation, ecological connectivity and epidemic dampening: the emergence of Hendra virus from flying foxes (Pteropus spp)","volume":"278","author":"Plowright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05506-2","article-title":"Pathogen spillover driven by rapid changes in bat ecology","volume":"613","author":"Eby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.14415","article-title":"Environmental variation across multiple spatial scales and temporal lags influences Hendra virus spillover","volume":"60","author":"Faust","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-009-3034-3","article-title":"Hendra virus re-visited","volume":"24","author":"Field","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol Sin."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28678","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028678","article-title":"Hendra virus infection dynamics in Australian fruit bats","volume":"6","author":"Field","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B43","unstructured":"Industries\n              P\n            \n          \n          Summary of Hendra virus incidents in horses. Business Queensland"},{"key":"B44","unstructured":""},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14007","article-title":"Ecological conditions predict the intensity of Hendra virus excretion over space and time from bat reservoir hosts","volume":"26","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol Lett."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-8-1927","article-title":"Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus","volume":"81","author":"Halpin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80430","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080430","article-title":"Recrudescent infection supports hendra virus persistence in Australian flying-fox populations","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.02.004","article-title":"Hendra virus ecology and transmission","volume":"16","author":"Field","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12552","article-title":"Experimental Hendra virus infection of dogs: virus replication, shedding and potential for transmission","volume":"95","author":"Middleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust Vet J."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010005","article-title":"Experimental inoculation study indicates swine as a potential host for Hendra virus","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.03.001","article-title":"Acute Hendra virus infection: analysis of the pathogenesis and passive antibody protection in the hamster model","volume":"387","author":"Guillaume","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.015","article-title":"A recombinant hendra virus G glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine protects ferrets from lethal hendra virus challenge","volume":"29","author":"Pallister","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2007.00170.x","article-title":"Epidemiological perspectives on Hendra virus infection in horses and flying foxes","volume":"85","author":"Field","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust Veterinary J."},{"key":"B54","unstructured":"Hendra Virus Infection"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70158-5","article-title":"Hendra virus: an emerging paramyxovirus in Australia","volume":"12","author":"Mahalingam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2012_207","article-title":"Epidemiology of Henipavirus Disease in Humans","author":"Luby","year":"2012"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2174\/156652405774962308","article-title":"Hendra and Nipah viruses: pathogenesis and therapeutics","volume":"5","author":"Eaton","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMM."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2008.00991.x","article-title":"Human Hendra virus infection causes acute and relapsing encephalitis","volume":"35","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1001838","article-title":"Henipavirus pathogenesis and antiviral approaches","volume":"13","author":"Mathieu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.31080\/ASMI.2020.04.0762","article-title":"Hendra virus disease: a highly infectious emerging anthropozoonosis","volume":"4","author":"Pal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Act Scie Micro."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.1995.tb00679.x","article-title":"Outbreak of severe respiratory disease in humans and horses due to a previously unrecognized paramyxovirus","volume":"2","author":"Selvey","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Travel Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.111162","article-title":"Experimental infection of horses with Hendra Virus\/Australia\/Horse\/2008\/Redlands","volume":"17","author":"Marsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb15413.x","article-title":"Investigation of a second focus of equine morbillivirus infection in coastal Queensland","volume":"74","author":"Rogers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust Vet J."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30098-6","article-title":"Hendra and Nipah virus infections","volume":"16","author":"Hooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12170","article-title":"Clinical review of Hendra virus infection in 11 horses in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"92","author":"Ball","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust Vet J."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1998.tb12335.x","article-title":"Transmission studies of Hendra virus (equine morbilli-virus) in fruit bats, horses and cats","volume":"76","author":"Williamson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust Veterinary J."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544735","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2025.2544735","article-title":"Experimental challenge of African green monkeys with contemporary Hendra virus isolates produces divergent clinical disease","volume":"14","author":"Pigeaud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9831","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01163-10","article-title":"A novel model of lethal hendra virus infection in african green monkeys and the effectiveness of ribavirin treatment","volume":"84","author":"Rockx","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0464","article-title":"Guinea-pig model of Hendra virus encephalitis","volume":"124","author":"Williamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol."},{"key":"B70","unstructured":"1\n          20\n          Nipah and Hendra virus diseases. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health\n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(01)00354-8","article-title":"Development of a fluorogenic RT-PCR assay (TaqMan) for the detection of Hendra virus","volume":"98","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638718760102","article-title":"A network approach for provisional assay recognition of a Hendra virus antibody ELISA: test validation with low sample numbers from infected horses","volume":"30","author":"Colling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114296","article-title":"Development and validation of an IgM antibody capture ELISA for early detection of Hendra virus","volume":"298","author":"McNabb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2019.113731","article-title":"Optimization and diagnostic evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA formats for detection of neutralizing antibodies to hendra virus in mammalian sera","volume":"274","author":"Di Rubbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2007.01.003","article-title":"Neutralization assays for differential henipavirus serology using Bio-Plex protein array systems","volume":"142","author":"Bossart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"B76","first-page":"1973","article-title":"Nipah and Hendra virus infectious diseases","volume":"74","author":"Yoneda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho."},{"key":"B77","unstructured":"Response strategy: Hendra virus (version 5.0). 265 Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN), edition 5. Canberra, ACT: Animal Health Australia \n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01385-5","article-title":"Comparative pathology of the diseases caused by Hendra and Nipah viruses","volume":"3","author":"Hooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes and Infection."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.05.014","article-title":"Design and evaluation of consensus PCR assays for henipaviruses","volume":"161","author":"Feldman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040308","article-title":"A new model for hendra virus encephalitis in the mouse","volume":"7","author":"Dups","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7658","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00473-11","article-title":"Clinical Outcome of henipavirus infection in hamsters is determined by the route and dose of infection","volume":"85","author":"Rockx","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589703400408","article-title":"The lesions of experimental equine morbillivirus disease in cats and Guinea Pigs","volume":"34","author":"Hooper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Pathol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.3390\/v15101980","article-title":"Animal models for henipavirus research","volume":"15","author":"Pigeaud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810378648","article-title":"Henipavirus: a review of laboratory animal pathology","volume":"47","author":"Williamson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Pathol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens2020264","article-title":"Henipavirus infections: lessons from animal models","volume":"2","author":"Dhondt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.131159","article-title":"Hendra virus vaccine, a one health approach to protecting horse, human, and environmental health","volume":"20","author":"Middleton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399410001754","article-title":"Emerging paramyxoviruses: molecular mechanisms and antiviral strategies","volume":"13","author":"Aguilar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.075","article-title":"Hendra virus and Nipah virus animal vaccines","volume":"34","author":"Broder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146ra107","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004241","article-title":"A Hendra Virus G glycoprotein subunit vaccine protects African green monkeys from Nipah virus challenge","volume":"4","author":"Bossart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2012_208","article-title":"Animal challenge models of Henipavirus infection and pathogenesis","volume":"359","author":"Geisbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9070731","article-title":"Sero-monitoring of horses demonstrates the Equivac\u00ae HeV Hendra virus vaccine to be highly effective in inducing neutralising antibody titres","volume":"9","author":"Halpin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01390-X","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a Nipah virus vaccine (HeV-sG-V) in adults: a single-centre, randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study","volume":"406","author":"Frenck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B93","unstructured":"A Phase 1 Randomized, Single Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response and Open-Label or Single Blind Booster Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of RVSV-Nipah Virus Vaccine Candidate PHV02 in Healthy Adult Subjects. [Clinical trial registration]\n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216225","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1216225","article-title":"Immunological correlates of protection afforded by PHV02 live, attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector vaccine against Nipah virus disease","volume":"14","author":"Monath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B95","unstructured":"A Phase 1b Randomized, Observer-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Prime-Boost Regimen of Three Dose Levels of PHV02, a Nipah Virus Vaccine Candidate (rVSV-\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B96","unstructured":"VRC 322\/DMID 21-0016: A Phase I, Dose Escalation, Open-Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of a Nipah Virus (NiV) mRNA Vaccine, mRNA-1215, in Healthy Adults. [Clinical trial registration]\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04265-1","article-title":"A structure-based mRNA vaccine for Nipah virus in healthy adults: a phase 1 trial","volume":"32","author":"Ploquin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00592-9","article-title":"ChAdOx1 NiV vaccination protects against lethal Nipah Bangladesh virus infection in African green monkeys","volume":"7","author":"van Doremalen","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines."},{"key":"B99","article-title":"A study of a vaccine against Nipah Virus in adults aged 18 to 55 years in Bangladesh","year":""},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1086\/528801","article-title":"Exceptionally potent cross-reactive neutralization of Nipah and Hendra viruses by a human monoclonal antibody","volume":"197","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003684","article-title":"Crystal structure of the Hendra virus attachment G glycoprotein bound to a potent cross-reactive neutralizing human monoclonal antibody","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242ra82","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008929","article-title":"Therapeutic treatment of Nipah virus infection in nonhuman primates with a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody","volume":"6","author":"Geisbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105ra103","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002901","article-title":"A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects African green monkeys from Hendra virus challenge","volume":"3","author":"Bossart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000642","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000642","article-title":"A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects against lethal disease in a new ferret model of acute nipah virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Bossart","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30634-6","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of a human monoclonal antibody targeting the G glycoprotein of henipaviruses in healthy adults: a first-in-human, randomised, controlled, phase 1 study","volume":"20","author":"Playford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2805.212338","article-title":"Novel Hendra virus variant circulating in black flying foxes and grey-headed flying foxes, Australia","volume":"28","author":"Peel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-023-01642-w","article-title":"Habitat loss for black flying foxes and implications for Hendra virus","volume":"38","author":"Baranowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Landsc Ecol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.051181","article-title":"Darminto, Morrissy C, Meehan G, et al. Henipavirus in pteropus vampyrus Bats, Indonesia","volume":"12","author":"Sendow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-240","article-title":"Molecular detection of a novel paramyxovirus in fruit bats from Indonesia","volume":"9","author":"Sasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B110","first-page":"512","article-title":"Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees","volume":"10","author":"Tamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x","article-title":"Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msae263","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae263","article-title":"MEGA12: molecular evolutionary genetic analysis version 12 for adaptive and green computing","volume":"41","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1889103\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T13:52:18Z","timestamp":1787147538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1889103\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2026.1889103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1889103","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"article-number":"1889103"}}