{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:47:15Z","timestamp":1787068035325,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The family Liolopidae comprises digenean trematodes parasitizing amphibians and reptiles, although the life cycles and evolutionary history of several taxa remain poorly understood. Species of\n                      <jats:italic>Sagaratrema<\/jats:italic>\n                      are primarily associated with marine elapid snakes from the Indo-West Pacific region; however,\n                      <jats:italic>Sagaratrema eugari<\/jats:italic>\n                      is exceptional because it has previously been reported from non-marine snake hosts. This study aimed to identify\n                      <jats:italic>S. eugari<\/jats:italic>\n                      from the little file snake,\n                      <jats:italic>Acrochordus granulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and to provide its first molecular characterization and phylogenetic assessment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During parasitological surveys conducted in the Gulf of Thailand (Surat Thani and Chumphon provinces), five specimens of\n                      <jats:italic>A. granulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were examined for helminths. Recovered liolopid trematodes were identified based on morphology and characterized using based on\n                      <jats:italic>18S<\/jats:italic>\n                      , ITS2,\n                      <jats:italic>28S<\/jats:italic>\n                      rDNA, and\n                      <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                      mtDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine the evolutionary position of the species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Liolopid trematodes were recovered from all three snakes examined in Surat Thani Province, whereas no infections were detected in the two specimens from Chumphon Province. Morphological observations were consistent with the original description of\n                      <jats:italic>S. eugari<\/jats:italic>\n                      and with the diagnostic features of the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Sagaratrema<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Molecular data provided the first genetic characterization of the species, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed its placement within\n                      <jats:italic>Sagaratrema. Acrochordus<\/jats:italic>\n                      granulatus is identified as a definitive host for\n                      <jats:italic>S. eugari<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study resolves the previously unknown phylogenetic position of\n                      <jats:italic>S. eugari<\/jats:italic>\n                      and expands the known host range of\n                      <jats:italic>Sagaratrema<\/jats:italic>\n                      beyond hydrophiine sea snakes. The findings suggest that the transmission ecology of\n                      <jats:italic>S. eugari<\/jats:italic>\n                      may involve interactions among mangrove, estuarine, and marine habitats. However, additional sampling across the parasite\u2019s geographic range is required to clarify its host associations and elucidate its complete life cycle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1895052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:04:55Z","timestamp":1787065495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sagaratremaeugari (Tubangui and Masilungan, 1936) (Digenea: Liolopidae) bridges a gap in liolopid diversity in sea snakes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nannaphat","family":"Suwannarat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Fishery Science and Aquatic Resources, Department of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus","place":["Chumphon, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Ribas Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona (UB)","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gilardoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pongsak","family":"Laudee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Innovative Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus","place":["Surat Thani, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srisupaph","family":"Poonlaphdecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona (UB)","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851995472.0121","volume-title":"Keys to the Trematoda","author":"Niewiadomska","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182026101802","article-title":"Return to the sea: Sagaratrema n. g. for the marine Liolopidae (Digenea: Diplostomida) with two new species parasitic in snakes from Sri Lanka","author":"De Silva","year":"2026","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"255","article-title":"Trematode parasites of Philippines vertebrates-VIII. 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