{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T19:28:24Z","timestamp":1787340504731,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of an oral tramadol\u2013dipyrone combination (Sindolor\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) compared with tramadol or dipyrone alone in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy and unilateral mastectomy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty client-owned female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy and unilateral mastectomy were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (n\u202f=\u202f10\/group): tramadol\u2013dipyrone combination (GTD), tramadol alone (GT), or dipyrone alone (GD). At the end of surgery, all dogs received meloxicam and the first intravenous dose of the assigned treatment. Oral treatment began approximately 8\u202fh later and continued every 8\u202fh for 5\u202fdays. Postoperative pain was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale\u2013Short Form (GCMPS-SF), a dynamic interactive visual analog scale (DIVAS), and serum cortisol concentrations. Rescue analgesia with intravenous morphine was administered when predefined thresholds were reached.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pain scores decreased significantly over time in all groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). Despite concurrent meloxicam administration, dogs receiving dipyrone alone showed higher GCMPS-SF scores than those treated with the tramadol\u2013dipyrone combination at D\u202f+\u202f1 afternoon (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). Pain incidence analysis demonstrated a higher proportion of pain-free dogs in the combination group during the early postoperative period. Overall rescue analgesia frequency did not differ significantly among groups; however, after initiation of oral treatment, rescue analgesia was required in two dogs from both GT and GD, whereas no dog in GTD required additional analgesia. Cortisol concentrations remained within the reference range in GTD, whereas transient increases above the reference interval were observed in GT and GD. No clinically relevant adverse effects were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tramadol\u2013dipyrone combination improved early postoperative pain control in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy and unilateral mastectomy while maintaining favorable tolerability. These findings support its clinical use as part of a multimodal postoperative analgesic protocol, particularly during the early postoperative period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1898549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T18:37:30Z","timestamp":1787337450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose oral tramadol\u2013dipyrone combination for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy and unilateral mastectomy: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Mastrocinque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leais Vet","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]},{"name":"FAMESP\u2013Faculdade M\u00e9todo de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Velloso Braga","family":"Yazbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Department, Clinical Research and Development of New Products, Biolab Sanus Farmac\u00eautica Ltda","place":["Tabo\u00e3o da Serra, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Barrientos","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leais Vet","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]},{"name":"UTI Vet","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Dami\u00e3o","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leais Vet","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeovan","family":"dos Santos Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atuare Care \u2013 Veterinary Specialty Center","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Cologneze","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Department, Clinical Research and Development of New Products, Biolab Sanus Farmac\u00eautica Ltda","place":["Tabo\u00e3o da Serra, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rica Vilela","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Department, Clinical Research and Development of New Products, Biolab Sanus Farmac\u00eautica Ltda","place":["Tabo\u00e3o da Serra, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise Tabacchi","family":"Fantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13566","article-title":"2022 WSAVA guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of pain","volume":"64","author":"Monteiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11477","article-title":"Acute postoperative pain management","volume":"107","author":"Small","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJS"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2022.04.002","article-title":"Multimodal Analgesia","volume":"40","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.1725-1735","article-title":"A systematic review of 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