{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:28:31Z","timestamp":1793899711220,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hair loss (alopecia) is a multifactorial condition affecting humans and companion animals, including dogs and cats, with etiologies involving hormonal, immune-mediated, genetic, infectious, allergic, parasitic, and behavioral mechanisms. Although androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata are well characterized in humans, alopecia in veterinary patients more frequently reflects an underlying endocrine, hereditary, infectious, allergic, parasitic, or self-induced disorder. This review provides a comparative analysis of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, pharmacological management, and pharmaceutical formulation of nonscarring alopecia across species. In humans, United States Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments, including topical minoxidil, oral finasteride, and selected Janus kinase inhibitors, are supplemented by emerging approaches such as platelet-rich plasma, low-level laser therapy, regenerative medicine, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems. In contrast, veterinary management primarily depends on identification and correction of the underlying disorder, with limited species-specific evidence and few dedicated formulations. Differences in follicular architecture, hair-cycle kinetics, skin permeability, drug metabolism, coat characteristics, and grooming behavior preclude direct extrapolation of human therapies to dogs and cats. Dermatophytosis further illustrates the One Health relevance of comparative alopecia management because successful control may require coordinated treatment of affected animals and humans together with environmental decontamination. This review highlights the need for species-specific clinical trials, safety assessment, and formulation strategies to support the development of effective and practical treatments for human and veterinary alopecia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1907027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:28:25Z","timestamp":1787671705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alopecia management from a comparative perspective: pharmacological and pharmaceutical insights in humans, dogs, and cats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jieun","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University","place":["Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"]},{"name":"Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology","place":["Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang-Hyuk","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University","place":["Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07409.x","article-title":"Follicular miniaturization in female pattern hair loss: clinicopathological correlations","volume":"155","author":"Messenger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3645","article-title":"Alopecia areata is driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is reversed by JAK inhibition","volume":"20","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.04.007","article-title":"Comparative dermatology\u2013canine endocrine dermatoses","volume":"24","author":"Frank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2005.6.3.259","article-title":"Color-dilution alopecia in dogs","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01049.x","article-title":"Canine noninflammatory alopecia: a comprehensive evaluation of common and distinguishing histological characteristics","volume":"23","author":"Muntener","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13489222","article-title":"Dermatophytosis in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management","volume":"15","author":"Frymus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2023.09.004","article-title":"Skin disease and behavior changes in the cat","volume":"54","author":"Lilly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.11.1705","article-title":"Underlying medical conditions in cats with presumptive psychogenic alopecia","volume":"228","author":"Waisglass","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00229.x","article-title":"The effect of hair loss on quality of life","volume":"15","author":"Williamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.00956.x","article-title":"Quality of life of dogs with skin disease and of their owners. 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