{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:16:01Z","timestamp":1788156961089,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major pathogen causing skin ulceration syndrome and mass mortality in sea cucumber\n                      <jats:italic>Apostichopus japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      aquaculture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, a pathogenic strain NB-3 was isolated from diseased\n                      <jats:italic>A. japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and identified as\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      based on morphological, physiological, and genomic analyses. A novel lytic phage vB_VhaM_HVS-1 belonging to the family\n                      <jats:italic>Straboviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (class\n                      <jats:italic>Caudoviricetes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was isolated from\n                      <jats:italic>A. japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      breeding pond silt.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The phage exhibited a latent period of 50 min and a burst size of approximately 168 PFU\/cell, and its genome lacked lysogeny-related genes, suggesting a lytic nature. Phage treatment significantly reduced the number of cell-associated bacteria, decreasing the association rate from 2.3% to nearly 0. Flow cytometry revealed that phage infection protected coelomocytes from\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      -induced damage, increasing the proportion of viable cells from 78.17% to 88.54%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings demonstrate that phage vB_VhaM_HVS-1 effectively reduces\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      association with coelomocytes and alleviates host cell apoptosis. The phage shows strong potential as an alternative biocontrol agent against\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in sea cucumber aquaculture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1908714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:41:52Z","timestamp":1788154912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel phage vB_VhaM_HVS-1 inhibits host cell associated Vibrio harveyi"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yangming Hospital of Ningbo University (Yuyao People\u2019s Hospital), Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy, Health Science Center, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital of Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Hematology, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieting","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yangming Hospital of Ningbo University (Yuyao People\u2019s Hospital), Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy, Health Science Center, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xibang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yangming Hospital of Ningbo University (Yuyao People\u2019s Hospital), Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yangming Hospital of Ningbo University (Yuyao People\u2019s Hospital), Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy, Health Science Center, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yangming Hospital of Ningbo University (Yuyao People\u2019s Hospital), Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy, Health Science Center, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo 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