{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:49:22Z","timestamp":1786121362592,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an important pathogen in swine, causing severe economic losses to the global swine industry. As a coronavirus, PEDV is prone to mutations and recombination. Therefore, characterizing circulating strains is essential for disease control. In this study, a PEDV strain (GD1) was isolated from diarrheic piglets in Guangdong Province, China, and identified by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Pathogenicity was evaluated in piglet challenge experiment. The results showed that GD1 strain could be stably passaged in Vero cells, forming syncytia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome and spike (S) gene both placed GD1 strain within the GIIc genotype. Amino acid sequence alignment of the S protein revealed multiple amino acid mutations in the neutralizing epitopes COE, SE16, and SS6 of GD1 strain compared with the classical vaccine strain CV777. Recombination analysis suggested that GD1 may be a novel recombination strain originating from strains SD2021 and GDS28, with the recombination breakpoint located in the ORF1a region. Pathogenicity assessment demonstrated that GD1 is highly virulent, inducing severe watery diarrhea and vomiting in newborn piglets within 24\u202fh post-inoculation, and causing histopathological lesions characterized by intestinal villous atrophy and shedding. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that PEDV antigen was predominantly distributed in the villous epithelial cells of the small intestine. The successful isolation and characterization of the GD1 strain provide important viral resources for further research on the genetic evolution of PEDV and the development of matched vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1912420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:22:07Z","timestamp":1786076527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation and assessment of characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus GD1 strain from China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shuxia","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Health Breeding and Disease Prevention and Control","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Health Breeding and Disease Prevention and Control","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xufan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Health Breeding and Disease Prevention and Control","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Health Breeding and Disease Prevention and Control","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Health Breeding and Disease Prevention and Control","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]},{"name":"Hexu (Zhengzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]},{"name":"Hexu (Zhengzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiumei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hexu (Zhengzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejian","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hexu (Zhengzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changzhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.01.017","article-title":"Epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus among Chinese pig populations: a meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106185","article-title":"Insights and progress on epidemic characteristics, genotyping, and preventive measures of PEDV in China: a review","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10878","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252010878","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) during 2020\u20132022 and isolation of a variant recombinant PEDV strain","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00954-6","article-title":"The spike glycoprotein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in China","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713501675","article-title":"Emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences","volume":"25","author":"Stevenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-015-1254-1","article-title":"Genome sequencing and analysis of a novel recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain from Henan, China","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01590-17","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01590-17","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of a recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain, CH\/JXJA\/2017, isolated in Jiangxi, China, in 2017","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msad052","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad052","article-title":"Global dynamics of porcine enteric coronavirus pedv epidemiology, evolution, and transmission","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-021-00364-0","article-title":"Porcine coronaviruses: overview of the state of the art","volume":"36","author":"Turlewicz-Podbielska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1011831902219","article-title":"Completion of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea coronavirus (PEDV) genome sequence","volume":"23","author":"Kocherhans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081744","article-title":"PEDV: insights and advances into types, function, structure, and receptor recognition","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104553","article-title":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: molecular mechanisms of attenuation and vaccines","volume":"149","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.01.005","article-title":"PEDV ORF3 encodes an ion channel protein and regulates virus production","volume":"586","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01384-w","article-title":"Genetic characteristics associated with the virulence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) with a naturally occurring truncated ORF3 gene","volume":"55","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380578","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1380578","article-title":"Identification of host proteins interacting with the E protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","volume":"15","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110518","article-title":"Surface expression of PEDV nucleocapsid protein facilitates NK cell-mediated ADCC via anti-N nonneutralizing antibody","volume":"305","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39844-5","article-title":"Identification of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting novel conformational epitopes of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus spike protein","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697499","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1697499","article-title":"Effective control of the emerging PEDV G2-c variant with an inactivated autogenous vaccine","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0219324","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02193-24","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of the immune escape of coronavirus PEDV under the pressure of vaccine immunity","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12991","article-title":"Evolutionary and genotypic analyses of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains","volume":"66","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001953","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001953","article-title":"Elucidating the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the highly virulent G2a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","volume":"105","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04873-y","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics and antigenic diversity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in China: phylogenetic and recombination analyses based on large-scale S gene sequences","volume":"21","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-024-06109-0","article-title":"Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the S genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates from China from 2020 to 2023","volume":"169","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12050444","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus G2c strains circulating in China from 2021 to 2024","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12111056","article-title":"G2c-lineage dominance and S1 epitope-glycan drift of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Guangdong Province, China, 2022\u20132024","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340053","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/1340053","article-title":"Genetic diversity, recombination, and pathogenicity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains circulating in China during 2023\u20132024","volume":"2026","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-026-05714-2","article-title":"Isolation and pathogenicity of a highly virulent recombinant GIIc subtype PEDV strain","author":"Fan","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14020151","article-title":"A novel inactivated vaccine based on an emerging PEDV GIIc variant provides cross-protection against heterologous GII strains","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108955","article-title":"A porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain with distinct characteristics of four amino acid insertion in the COE region of spike protein","volume":"253","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04390-4","article-title":"Isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain CHCQ-2023 from Chongqing Province and analysis of S gene recombination","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15152312","article-title":"Clade-specific recombination and mutations define the emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus S-INDEL lineages","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0253622","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253622","article-title":"Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Guangdong, China, between 2018 and 2019","volume":"16","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273589","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1273589","article-title":"Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2026.105938","article-title":"Temporal evolutionary dynamics of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China from 2013 to 2023","volume":"141","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.111259","article-title":"Outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea in suckling piglets, China","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198045","article-title":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): an update on etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and prevention and control","volume":"286","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010242","article-title":"A recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with multiple S2 subunit mutations from China: isolation, genetic characterization, and pathogenicity analysis","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14740","article-title":"The S protein of a novel recombinant PEDV strain promotes the infectivity and pathogenicity of PEDV in mid-West China","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216524","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02165-24","article-title":"Spike gene variability in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus as a determinant for virulence","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-110615-042301","article-title":"Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396894","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1396894","article-title":"Research progress of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus S protein","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)15106-5","article-title":"Identification of the epitope region capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.02.022","article-title":"Identification of two novel B cell epitopes on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein","volume":"131","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.10.015","article-title":"The GPRLQPY motif located at the carboxy-terminal of the spike protein induces antibodies that neutralize porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","volume":"132","author":"Cruz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00273-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00273-17","article-title":"Cell attachment domains of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein are key targets of neutralizing antibodies","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498610","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1498610","article-title":"Evaluating passive immunity in piglets from sows vaccinated with a PEDV S protein subunit vaccine","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2025.2509506","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody levels as a key factor in determining the immunogenic efficacy of the novel PEDV alpha coronavirus vaccine","volume":"45","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00923-19","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00923-19","article-title":"The 3.1-angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein in the prefusion conformation","volume":"93","author":"Wrapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0209224","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02092-24","article-title":"Changes in the motifs in the D0 and SD2 domains of the S protein drive the evolution of virulence in enteric coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","volume":"99","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13953","article-title":"Molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus associated with outbreaks in Southwest China during 2014\u20132018","volume":"68","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3811264","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/3811264","article-title":"Emergence of a highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) G2c subtype in China: isolation, genetic and pathogenic characterization, and cross-neutralizing antibody response","volume":"2026","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071126","article-title":"Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Guangxi Province, China, during 2020 and 2024","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vev003","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vev003","article-title":"RDP4: detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes","volume":"1","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667084","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.667084","article-title":"Isolation and identification of a recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with a novel insertion in S1 domain","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msab364","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab364","article-title":"Phylogeography reveals association between swine trade and the spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China and across the world","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112434","article-title":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: an updated overview of virus epidemiology, virulence variation patterns and virus-host interactions","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0040022","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00400-22","article-title":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp7 inhibits interferon-induced JAK-STAT signaling through sequestering the interaction between KPNA1 and STAT1","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2022.08.002","article-title":"Isolation and oral immunogenicity assessment of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus NH-TA2020 strain: one of the predominant strains circulating in China from 2017 to 2021","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110728","article-title":"Enhancing the virulence of G2a subtype PEDV by chimeric expression of G2c subtype S gene","volume":"310","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1912420\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:22:08Z","timestamp":1786076528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1912420\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2026.1912420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1912420","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"article-number":"1912420"}}